European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s intergovernmental organisation dedicated to space exploration, Earth observation, satellite navigation, and technological innovation. ESA collaborates with international partners, coordinates high-profile missions, and supports science, space safety and industry growth across member states.

This report presents Enel’s case study on implementing CFO Principles for the SDGs. It outlines historical drivers, sustainability disruption, strategic responses, and SDG investments, highlighting decarbonisation, electrification, and financial performance assessment. The report details Enel’s renewable energy expansion, SDG alignment, and integration of sustainability outcomes with financial results.

The Point of No Returns benchmark series assesses the world’s largest asset managers on responsible investment across climate, biodiversity, social issues, governance, and stewardship. Published by ShareAction, the series provides rankings, sector-wide analysis, and examples of practice to guide improvement and accountability.

Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It provides independent research and data to support EU policies on climate change, energy, health, food security, digital innovation and safety. JRC delivers scientific evidence to help policymakers address global challenges with reliable analysis and solutions.

IMPACT2C provides evidence on impacts of +2 °C global warming across Europe and vulnerable regions (Bangladesh, Nile/Niger basins, Maldives). Using multi‑model climate and sectoral analyses—covering water, energy, infrastructure, coasts, tourism, forestry, agriculture, ecosystems and health—it quantifies risks, economic costs and adaptation uncertainty for policy planning.

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard provides a framework for businesses to quantify and report greenhouse gas emissions. It establishes standardised accounting principles, categorises emissions by scope, and offers guidance for setting organisational and operational boundaries. The Standard promotes transparency, consistency, and comparability in corporate GHG inventories.

This report examines the limitations of current bank decarbonisation targets and proposes design reforms to align with net zero. It analyses scope coverage, target types, and sector alignment, offering practical recommendations for enhancing climate credibility and effectiveness in financial institutions’ transition planning.

Kantar is a global leader in marketing data, insights and analytics, supporting over 96 of the world’s top 100 advertisers across 90+ markets. It combines behavioural and attitudinal data to inform brand strategy, creative testing, media effectiveness, customer experience and sustainable growth.

This report presents insights from 34 national ecosystems advancing impact investing. It highlights trends in policy, capital mobilisation, and transparency, showing governments and institutions integrating social and environmental outcomes into investment strategies. It tracks growth in green finance, outcome-based funding, and investment readiness across emerging and developed economies.

This guide outlines how private markets investors can integrate human rights due diligence into investment processes, aligned with the UN Guiding Principles. It covers policy commitments, risk assessment, stakeholder engagement, and remedy provision to address human rights impacts, mitigate risk, and meet evolving legal and societal expectations.

Wealthy private investors increasingly align their portfolios with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), seeking both measurable impact and financial returns. Investors favour SDGs linked to higher expected profits, leading to underinvestment in less profitable goals. Findings are based on portfolio data, surveys, and interviews with 60 high-net-worth individuals.

The report underscores the need for inclusivity in the digital revolution, highlighting gender disparities in STEM fields. Women are underrepresented in digital and engineering roles, limiting their access to future job opportunities. Policy interventions, improved workplace conditions, and equitable funding are essential to fostering diversity in technological innovation and ensuring sustainable, inclusive development.

The report reviews blockchain's role in sustainability, analysing 10,188 studies. It highlights blockchain's potential in supply chain management, energy systems, and IoT-based solutions like smart cities. However, gaps persist in aligning blockchain applications with global ESG regulations and carbon trading mechanisms. Recommendations aim to improve blockchain's utility in achieving net-zero goals.

The report discusses the rapid adoption and integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial sector, driven by advancements in technology and increasing operational efficiency. Key risks include dependencies on third-party providers, market correlations, and cyber vulnerabilities. Generative AI's accessibility could amplify systemic risks, necessitating enhanced regulatory frameworks, vigilant monitoring, and robust governance to ensure financial stability amid evolving AI technologies.

The report evaluates progress in corporate and financial net zero policies across G20 nations. It highlights uneven adoption, notable gaps in ambition, and policy divergence. While disclosure and taxonomies advance, integration of just transition, adaptation, and nature remains limited. The report calls for global alignment to meet 1.5°C targets.

This report explores the potential of artificial intelligence and big holdings data for central banks. It highlights how asset demand systems and AI models improve policy decisions, optimise monetary interventions, and address financial risks. Applications include managing contagion, designing climate stress tests, and identifying crowded trades, enhancing economic resilience.