Bpifrance’s European Defence Bond Framework defines principles for issuing use-of-proceeds bonds financing eligible defence-sector projects, mainly SMEs, to support European sovereignty. It details eligibility criteria, exclusions, ESG safeguards, governance, reporting, and proceeds management, while stating the bonds are not ICMA-aligned sustainable instruments.

The UK Defence ESG Charter sets a voluntary, sector-wide framework for defence companies, covering climate transition, societal impact, and governance and ethics. It promotes decarbonisation, supply chain responsibility, skills development, ethical conduct, and collaboration, while allowing signatories to retain individual ESG strategies.

The NATO Innovation Fund advocates removing financial exclusions on defence to bolster European security. The report recommends reforming procurement for rapid dual-use technology adoption and implementing a ‘Responsible Use Framework’ to ensure ethical development of emerging capabilities like AI and autonomous systems.

The report examines how asset owners integrate nature and biodiversity into investment. Based on interviews with 20 global asset owners and managers, it finds growing recognition of financial materiality, limited governance and data maturity, early TNFD adoption, and reliance on climate-aligned ESG processes.

The report outlines practical frameworks for integrating climate adaptation into financial decision-making, linking physical risk assessment to credit, investment, sovereign risk and financial products. It promotes the ABC framework, data transparency and adaptation-inclusive transition plans to improve resilience, pricing and capital allocation.

GARP benchmarks 13 vendors’ asset-level climate physical risk models, finding wide dispersion in hazard and damage estimates due to differing data, assumptions and methods. The report stresses due diligence, transparency and improved asset data when selecting vendors.

Changing Markets Foundation accelerates sustainability market shifts by exposing irresponsible corporate practices and promoting environmentally and socially beneficial solutions. Working with NGOs and research partners, it drives campaigns on climate, plastics, food systems and fashion to influence markets and public policy. It is an independent environmental advocacy nonprofit.

First Sentier MUFG Sustainable Investment Institute provides independent research on sustainable investing, ESG (environmental, social and governance), market trends and responsible investment. It supports investors, asset managers and policymakers with evidence-based reports and insights. Jointly backed by First Sentier Group and MUFG, it advances understanding of sustainable finance and investment practice.

First Street Foundation is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) research and technology group that quantifies and communicates climate-related physical risk, including flooding, wildfire, wind, and heat, at the property level. It produces peer-reviewed climate risk models and tools to help individuals, governments and financial institutions understand and act on climate risk data.

Climate Financial Risk Forum (CFRF) is a UK financial services industry initiative, jointly established by Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) in 2019. CFRF brings senior leaders together to develop practical climate-related financial risk management guidance, tools and case studies for banks, insurers and asset managers.

Autonomy Institute is an independent UK-based research organisation focused on the future of work, labour markets, democracy and economic transformation. It produces policy-relevant research, data analysis and public commentary on automation, welfare, working time and socio-economic change to inform evidence-based public policy debates.

ADS Group is a UK trade association representing aerospace, defence, security and space industries. It supports member companies through policy advocacy, industry insights, international trade promotion, standards engagement and sector events, helping strengthen competitiveness, innovation and sustainable growth across UK advanced manufacturing and technology sectors.

SME Climate Hub is a non-profit global initiative empowering small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to take climate action, halve emissions by 2030 and achieve net zero by 2050. It offers free tools, resources and a recognised climate commitment framework to help SMEs measure, reduce and report their carbon emissions.

The report finds European pension funds and insurers have limited capacity to scale EMDE investment. Even doubling allocations by the 35 largest asset owners would yield about USD 120 billion annually, concentrated in investment-grade assets. Regulation constrains insurers more than pension funds.

The report estimates premature mortality, years of life lost and asthma cases in the EU and UK attributable to indoor nitrogen dioxide from gas cooking. Using modelling of indoor exposures and concentration–response functions, it quantifies associated economic costs and highlights potential health gains from transitioning to cleaner cooking energy

The report outlines a universal basic services approach to UK transport, highlighting inequitable access, high emissions, and car dependence. It assesses current government reforms and recommends long-term, publicly oriented investment to expand affordable, integrated, low-carbon mobility, prioritising public transport and active travel within environmental limits.