The Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs Green Supply Chain Supplier Database tracks environmental compliance of Chinese suppliers. It consolidates government violation records and corporate disclosures to support supply chain due diligence, risk screening, and ESG assessment by investors and companies.

Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs is a China-based environmental non-governmental organisation promoting pollution transparency and corporate accountability. It operates public databases on air, water and supply chain compliance, supporting ESG research, responsible investment, environmental risk analysis, and sustainability decision-making in China.

This white paper analyses how climate change and nature loss are widening insurance protection gaps in advanced economies. It outlines impacts on affordability and coverage, and recommends combining climate mitigation, nature-based solutions, and regulatory reforms to strengthen resilience and maintain insurability.

China is developing unified national sustainability disclosure standards aligned with ISSB Standards. Led by the Ministry of Finance, the Basic Standard (Trial) was issued in November 2024, with climate disclosures proposed in 2025. Application is initially voluntary, with phased expansion and potential mandatory adoption by 2030.

The report analyses China’s first quantitative coal power decarbonisation plan, outlining emissions-reduction targets to 2027 via co-firing and carbon capture. It finds retrofitted coal increasingly uncompetitive versus renewables with storage, raising risks for new coal investments and strengthening the case for no-new-coal commitments.

IQAir is a commercial air quality technology company providing real-time air pollution data, analytics and monitoring solutions. It operates a global air quality platform, publishes World Air Quality Reports, and supplies air monitoring hardware. IQAir data supports public health, environmental research, urban planning and policy decision-making worldwide across multiple regions.

Tecnalia Research & Innovation (Tecnalia) is a private, independent, non-profit applied research and technological development centre based in Spain. It collaborates with companies and institutions to enhance competitiveness, drive innovation, and support sustainable growth across sectors like energy, manufacturing, digital transformation and mobility.

Greenpeace East Asia is a regional environmental campaigning organisation focused on climate change, toxic pollution, sustainable food, forests and ocean protection across East Asia. Active since 1997, it conducts research, advocacy and non-violent campaigns to influence policy and promote renewable energy and environmental sustainability.

CFA Institute Research and Policy Center (RPC) is a finance research hub turning investment research into insights that strengthen capital markets, advance ethics and improve investor outcomes. RPC publishes policy analysis, research reports and industry perspectives for investment professionals, regulators and policymakers, grounded in CFA Institute expertise and market trends.

The report analyses how legal frameworks across major jurisdictions shape investors’ ability to pursue sustainability impact. It clarifies when impact-focused approaches are permitted or required and outlines policy options to support them. It provides guidance for aligning investment decisions with sustainability goals while maintaining financial objectives.

The report analyses how critical minerals sourced in the Uyghur Region—titanium, lithium, beryllium and magnesium—are linked to state-imposed forced labour. It identifies companies involved, downstream exposure risks, and implications for global supply chains, underscoring the need for stronger due diligence and avoidance of forced-labour-tainted inputs.

China’s transition finance market is expanding to support the decarbonisation of high-emitting industries. The report outlines growth in green and sustainability-linked bonds, emerging transition frameworks, and ongoing debates on coal and gas inclusion, highlighting the need for clearer standards and broader financing tools to meet China’s 2060 climate goals.

MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) is a Swiss-based publisher of open access, peer-reviewed journals, established in 1996. MDPI publishes over 470 academic journals across science, technology and medicine, with authors covering article processing charges to enable unrestricted global access.

Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) is a Japanese policy think tank founded in 2001. RIETI conducts theoretical and empirical economic research, bridges academe and government, and offers evidence-based trade, industry and economic policy recommendations.

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a global research university specialising in economics, politics, law, social policy and data science. Based in London, LSE offers undergraduate, graduate and executive degrees, and leads in social science research, public policy impact and global academic partnerships.

This report summarises research comparing the effectiveness of “exit” strategies, such as divestment and boycotts, with “voice” strategies, such as shareholder engagement, in influencing corporate behaviour. It concludes that when most investors are even slightly socially responsible, engagement leads to socially optimal outcomes, whereas exit rarely does and can reduce welfare.