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Climate risk and adaptation in global food

First Sentier Investors
The report outlines rising climate risks to global food supply chains, projecting up to $38 trillion in damages by 2050. It explores mitigation and adaptation strategies across crops, livestock, and fisheries, and highlights investor actions to build resilience, support sustainable practices, and adapt to shifting market, environmental, and regulatory conditions.
Research
10 April 2025

Closing the gap: Investing in natural capital to meet the SDGs

Green Growth Knowledge Partnership
The report analyses the investment required to address the natural capital gap for achieving Sustainable Development Goals in 40 countries, finding that investing US$7.4 trillion could generate returns exceeding US$152 trillion, greatly benefiting air quality, human health, ecosystems, and reducing premature deaths and resource depletion globally.
Research
4 June 2024

Between impact and returns: Private investors and the sustainable development goals

Wealthy private investors increasingly align their portfolios with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), seeking both measurable impact and financial returns. Investors favour SDGs linked to higher expected profits, leading to underinvestment in less profitable goals. Findings are based on portfolio data, surveys, and interviews with 60 high-net-worth individuals.
Research
11 April 2022

Environmental Finance's biodiversity insight series

Environmental Finance
This series explores the evolving role of biodiversity in sustainable finance, investment strategies, and regulatory developments. It examines biodiversity risk, natural capital investment, reporting frameworks, and financial instruments supporting conservation efforts. The series provides insights into emerging market mechanisms, data challenges, and the integration of biodiversity considerations into financial decision-making.
Benchmark/series

The role of government in corporate governance: Perspectives from the UK

The report examines the UK government's role in corporate governance, identifying four key functions: enhancing competitive advantage, compensating for self-regulation failures, preventing corporate scandals, and reassuring the public of its oversight. It evaluates regulatory frameworks, corporate failures, and policy developments, highlighting implications for governance, politics, and economic stability.
Research
31 January 2011

The race against time for smarter development: To be smart, the digital revolution will need to be inclusive

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
The report underscores the need for inclusivity in the digital revolution, highlighting gender disparities in STEM fields. Women are underrepresented in digital and engineering roles, limiting their access to future job opportunities. Policy interventions, improved workplace conditions, and equitable funding are essential to fostering diversity in technological innovation and ensuring sustainable, inclusive development.
Research
27 June 2021

The hidden environmental cost of cryptocurrency: How Bitcoin mining impacts climate, water and land

United Nations (UN)
Bitcoin mining has significant environmental impacts, driven by its reliance on electricity-intensive processes. In 2020-2021, mining consumed 173 TWh of electricity, primarily from fossil fuels, and emitted 86 Mt CO2, contributing to climate change, water scarcity, and land use issues. Global regulatory action is urgently needed.
Research
20 November 2023

U.S. climate policy and blockchain innovation in future smart and sustainable cities

This report explores blockchain's potential to address climate challenges and foster smart, sustainable cities. It highlights blockchain's capacity for decentralisation, transparency, and efficiency in urban governance, renewable energy, and civic participation. Recommendations include multi-stakeholder collaboration, educational initiatives, and human-centred design to ensure ethical, inclusive implementation for climate resilience and innovation.
Research
10 September 2023

Engaging affected stakeholders: The emerging duties of board members

World Economic Forum
This report provides guidance for corporate boards on effectively engaging stakeholders to uphold human rights. It outlines strategies for meaningful engagement, addressing stakeholder concerns, and integrating human rights considerations into corporate governance and decision-making processes.
Research
11 May 2022

Assessment of biodiversity measurement approaches for business and financial institutions: Update report 4 (2022)

European Commission
This document is designed to support businesses with navigating various biodiversity measurement approaches currently available. A navigating wheel and classification system has been developed to support interpretation.
Research
9 December 2022

Net zero policy matters: Assessing progress and taking stock of corporate and financial net zero policy reform

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
The report evaluates progress in corporate and financial net zero policies across G20 nations. It highlights uneven adoption, notable gaps in ambition, and policy divergence. While disclosure and taxonomies advance, integration of just transition, adaptation, and nature remains limited. The report calls for global alignment to meet 1.5°C targets.
Research
14 November 2024

Artificial intelligence and big holdings data: Opportunities for central banks

This report explores the potential of artificial intelligence and big holdings data for central banks. It highlights how asset demand systems and AI models improve policy decisions, optimise monetary interventions, and address financial risks. Applications include managing contagion, designing climate stress tests, and identifying crowded trades, enhancing economic resilience.
Research
30 October 2024

Modern slavery and remediation - an investor's guide

First Sentier Investors
This guide explores the role of investors in addressing modern slavery within their portfolios. It provides practical steps for identifying risks, engaging investee companies, and enabling remediation when harm occurs. It includes case studies, recommendations, and legal frameworks to help investors meet their obligations and protect human rights.
Research
18 October 2024

Circular economy in the industrial goods sector: A framework for understanding private sector progress and innovation

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This report outlines circular economy practices within the industrial goods sector, assessing actions taken by approximately 50 companies. It categorises their efforts into five key areas, highlighting examples of innovation and collaboration to advance sustainability while minimising waste and resource consumption in production processes.
Research
29 May 2024

Financial system interactions with ecosystem tipping points: Evidence from the Brazilian Amazon and Indonesian peatlands

UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose
Examining the interplay between financial systems and ecological thresholds, this research identifies pivotal financial flows linked to land use changes in the Brazilian Amazon and Indonesian peatlands. It proposes targeted interventions to steer these investments towards sustainable practices, emphasising the need for global policy alignment to mitigate the systemic risks posed by ecosystem tipping points.
Research
7 October 2024

Climate-related litigation: recent trends and developments

Central Banks and Supervisors Network for Greening the Financial System
The report highlights the growing volume and diversity of climate-related litigation. It outlines legal trends targeting financial and non-financial institutions and governments, with significant implications for financial risks and reputational damage. The report emphasises the potential increase in litigation tied to climate disclosure laws, greenwashing, and corporate responsibilities.

Research
1 September 2023
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