The report finds European pension funds and insurers have limited capacity to scale EMDE investment. Even doubling allocations by the 35 largest asset owners would yield about USD 120 billion annually, concentrated in investment-grade assets. Regulation constrains insurers more than pension funds.

Public Eye is a Swiss non-governmental organisation (NGO) campaigning for corporate accountability, human rights and global justice. Through independent research, advocacy and public campaigns, it exposes human rights violations linked to Swiss companies and promotes sustainable, responsible business and policy reform. Supported by members and donors, it influences social and environmental change.

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an independent humanitarian organisation providing protection and assistance to people affected by armed conflict. It promotes international humanitarian law, conducts emergency relief operations, and supports detainees, civilians, and missing persons worldwide through neutral, impartial action, with global reach and sustained operational presence.

Merian Research is a commercial research and advisory firm providing risk analysis, due diligence and open-source intelligence. It supports corporates, investors and law firms with strategic insights on reputational, political and operational risks across global markets.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a global membership Union—comprising governments, NGOs and civil-society organisations—that works to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN mobilises a network of over 1,400 Member organisations and around 16,000 experts worldwide. IUCN monitors species and ecosystems, develops data-driven policy guidance, and supports conservation and restoration projects across lands, oceans, freshwater systems and climate-sensitive regions.

Catalytic Finance Foundation (Catalytic) is a Geneva-based non-profit advisory and incubator organisation focused on innovative blended-finance solutions for sustainable infrastructure. It collaborates with donors, investors and technical partners to unlock capital for energy, waste, sanitation and urban-climate projects, aiming to accelerate climate finance and impact.

International Organization for Migration (IOM) is a United Nations-related intergovernmental organisation founded in 1951, dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration worldwide. With over 170 member states and offices in 171 countries, it provides policy advice, operational assistance and humanitarian support to migrants and governments.

MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) is a Swiss-based publisher of open access, peer-reviewed journals, established in 1996. MDPI publishes over 470 academic journals across science, technology and medicine, with authors covering article processing charges to enable unrestricted global access.

This report summarises how policy portfolios support long-term, multigenerational investment planning by balancing strategic discipline with tactical flexibility. It presents model portfolios for institutional and ultra-high-net-worth clients, emphasising client-specific customisation, risk management, and the integration of long-term capital market assumptions to guide portfolio construction and decision-making.

This report summarises research comparing the effectiveness of “exit” strategies, such as divestment and boycotts, with “voice” strategies, such as shareholder engagement, in influencing corporate behaviour. It concludes that when most investors are even slightly socially responsible, engagement leads to socially optimal outcomes, whereas exit rarely does and can reduce welfare.

This study analyses whether investor engagement on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues reduces firms’ downside risk. Using data from 1,443 engagements with 485 global firms (2005–2018), it finds that successful engagements, particularly on environmental and climate issues, significantly lower downside risk and related environmental incidents.

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is a UN intergovernmental body that supports developing countries in trade, investment, finance and technology. It delivers data-driven policy analysis, technical cooperation and global consensus building to help countries integrate into the world economy and advance sustainable development.

EDHEC Climate Institute (ECI) equips finance professionals and decision-makers with climate risk research, tools and scenario analysis. It focuses on physical risks, transition risks, green assets, resilience technologies and climate policy. ECI bridges academia, industry and public stakeholders to support low-emission investment strategies.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a global treaty regulating international trade in wildlife to ensure species survival in the wild. It enforces permit systems, categorises species under appendices, and supports cooperation among 185 Parties in biodiversity conservation.

European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s intergovernmental organisation dedicated to space exploration, Earth observation, satellite navigation, and technological innovation. ESA collaborates with international partners, coordinates high-profile missions, and supports science, space safety and industry growth across member states.

WorldCover offers free, high-resolution global land cover maps at 10 m resolution for 2020 and 2021, via Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, under Creative Commons license. It supports environmental monitoring, climate research, land-use planning and biodiversity analysis.