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This guide outlines environmental, social, and just transition considerations for investors in aviation’s fuel shift. It compares biofuels and e-fuels, highlights regulatory and biodiversity risks, and provides engagement questions to assess companies’ transition strategies, ensuring alignment with climate goals while safeguarding communities and long-term financial stability.

Opportunity Green (OG) is a UK-based charity founded in 2021 that harnesses legal, economic and policy expertise to drive climate justice. OG focuses on equity, justice and accountability across overlooked sectors—aviation, shipping, buildings, steel, agriculture—championing decarbonisation, legal innovation and coalition-building for a 1.5 °C-aligned future.

GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) is Germany’s national Earth system research centre. It investigates solid‑Earth processes—including geology, geophysics, geodesy and geochemistry—and operates global observatories, satellite missions and analytical infrastructure. GFZ advances understanding of natural hazards, climate impact and resource management to support sustainable solutions.

NASA’s Worldview is a web‑based visualisation tool offering interactive browsing, animation and download of over 1000 global satellite imagery layers, many available within three hours of observation. It supports time‑critical and historical analysis of natural hazards, climate phenomena and environmental change.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) drives space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics innovation. Its work spans human spaceflight, planetary missions, Earth and climate research, advanced space technology and satellite programmes. NASA shares open data, images and video to inform global science and deepen understanding of Earth and the universe.

Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It provides independent research and data to support EU policies on climate change, energy, health, food security, digital innovation and safety. JRC delivers scientific evidence to help policymakers address global challenges with reliable analysis and solutions.

Climate Policy Radar is a UK-based not-for-profit that builds open, AI-powered databases and research tools. It enables governments, researchers, civil society and investors to explore and analyse global climate laws, policies and UN submissions. Open data, transparency and data-driven climate finance insight support evidence-based decision-making.

Resilient Planet Data Hub offers open, globally consistent climate and nature risk data to guide resilience and adaptation investment. Convened by UNDRR, Insurance Development Forum and University of Oxford, it powers tools like the GRI Risk Viewer and Resilient Planet Finance Lab to mobilise action, policy and finance for people, planet and prosperity.

Transition Pathway Initiative (TPI) is a global, asset-owner-led initiative assessing companies’ preparedness for the low-carbon transition. Featuring open-access ESG benchmarks, it evaluates Management Quality and Carbon Performance across high-emitting sectors, aiding investor decision-making and promoting climate-aligned corporate governance and transparency.

Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS) is a Hamburg-based research institute established in 2009 under Germany’s high-tech strategy. As part of Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, GERICS employs an interdisciplinary team of over 80 scientists. It develops prototype climate-service products—such as fact-sheets, city series and signal maps—to support decision-makers adapting to climate change.

IMPACT2C provides evidence on impacts of +2 °C global warming across Europe and vulnerable regions (Bangladesh, Nile/Niger basins, Maldives). Using multi‑model climate and sectoral analyses—covering water, energy, infrastructure, coasts, tourism, forestry, agriculture, ecosystems and health—it quantifies risks, economic costs and adaptation uncertainty for policy planning.

WetterOnline provides reliable weather forecasts, real-time rain and lightning radar, health-weather, sailing and snow-sports insights via app and web. Founded in 1996, it delivers multilingual weather data in over 40 countries. One of Germany’s most visited meteorological platforms.

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) is a leading interdisciplinary German research institute advancing the science of climate impacts and global sustainability. With around 480 international staff, PIK conducts Earth-system modelling, integrated analysis and policy advisory to support evidence-based climate solutions. Member of the Leibniz Association.

The Copernicus Interactive Climate Atlas (C3S Atlas) is a web‑based tool from the Copernicus Climate Change Service offering flexible exploration of past, present and future climate data. It integrates observational, reanalysis and projection datasets, and allows users to customise regional analyses and visualise key climate variables via maps, charts and time series.

Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA) is a joint research centre of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and University of Cantabria. Established in 1995, IFCA specialises in particle physics, astrophysics, cosmology, advanced computing and instrumentation. It publishes 200+ annual papers and leads internationally funded frontier‑science projects.

Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) delivers authoritative, free-to-access climate data, tools and projections. It supports EU adaptation and mitigation policy by providing accurate information on past, present and future climate. Serving scientists, policymakers, media and public, C3S enables informed climate action via trusted Earth-observation insights.