Library | ESG issues

Governance

The governance pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) refers to the systems, policies, and practices that ensure an organisation is managed responsibly and ethically. It includes issues such as board structure, reporting & disclosures, shareholders & voting, and risk management. Strong governance reduces risks, enhances trust, and supports long-term business sustainability.

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From ‘conflict minerals’ to peace? reviewing mining reforms, gender, and state performance in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

The review assesses how 3T mining reforms in eastern DRC affected state governance and gender inclusion. Findings show mixed results: limited improvements in demarcation, revenue collection and oversight, persistent armed interference, weak accountability, elite-captured cooperatives, and ongoing marginalisation of women.
Research
15 March 2021

Briefing paper: The fiduciary duty case for climate justice

Intentional Endowments Network
The report argues that climate justice is integral to fiduciary duty, as climate and inequality risks threaten long-term value. It outlines definitions, system-level investment frameworks, and practical tools that help investors manage systemic risks and support a just low-carbon transition.
Research
26 June 2025

Integrating ESG and AI: A comprehensive responsible AI assessment framework

The report introduces an ESG-AI framework enabling investors to assess AI-related environmental, social, and governance risks. Drawing on insights from 28 companies, it provides use-case materiality analysis, governance indicators, and deep-dive assessments to support transparent, responsible AI evaluation and investment decisions.
Research
10 June 2025

AI in anti-financial crime: The state of adoption in 2025

Themis International Services
The report surveys senior leaders on AI adoption in anti-financial crime, finding limited current use but rapid expected uptake. It highlights technology shortcomings, emerging AI use-cases, leadership awareness, and barriers including cost, skills and regulatory uncertainty, outlining opportunities for more efficient, integrated and adaptive AFC capabilities.
Research
27 June 2025

Responsible Digital Finance Ecosystem (RDFE): A conceptual framework

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
The report outlines a framework for a Responsible Digital Finance Ecosystem, urging holistic, collaborative consumer protection amid rising digital finance risks. It defines ecosystem actors and four pillars—customer centricity, collaboration, capability, and commitment—to strengthen regulation, improve outcomes, and reduce harms in rapidly evolving digital financial services.
Research
1 September 2024

The Other Half of the Transition: Why Livestock Deserves as Much Attention as Energy

This article highlights the major climate impact of livestock and explains why the absence of clear roadmaps, metrics, and financing strategies has left the sector far behind the energy transition. It proposes policy reforms, mitigation hierarchies, and justice-centered pathways to unlock effective and equitable change.
Article
8 December 2025

Integrating human rights due diligence (HRDD) in finance and investment

Finance relevance: Investment professionals
This guide provides practical steps for successful investor collaborations, helping investors navigate challenges, align on objectives and leverage collective influence. Drawing from expert insights and real-world case studies, it outlines effective governance, engagement strategies and resource management to drive measurable corporate and policy change through coordinated investor action.
Expert guide
7 December 2025

The transition finance playbook: A practical guide for financial institutions

Accounting for Sustainability (A4S)
A practical guide outlining how financial institutions can scale transition finance through governance, eligibility criteria, portfolio segmentation, due-diligence enhancements and engagement. It highlights Canadian market context, barriers, and actionable “top tips” to support credible decarbonisation, stewardship and collaboration across the financial system.
Research
3 June 2025

Institute for Sustainable Finance (ISF)

Academic Institutions
Institute for Sustainable Finance (ISF) at Smith School of Business, Queen’s University, is Canada’s first multi-disciplinary hub aligning finance with environmental sustainability. It conducts research, publishes policy guidance, and runs education and collaboration programmes to help policymakers, investors, and firms integrate climate risk, nature, and ESG considerations into capital allocation and regulation.
Organisation
1 research item

Leakage in the common ground: How misalignment in sustainable finance taxonomies impacts cross-border capital flows

The paper models how misaligned sustainable finance taxonomies can cause cross-border capital leakage, reducing alignment with developed-market standards. It identifies four ratios determining whether endorsing common ground improves outcomes and shows leakage can be significant without regulatory measures to differentiate and prioritise higher-quality green bonds.
Research
3 July 2025

Governance of AI adoption in central banks

Bank for International Settlements
This BIS report outlines central banks’ AI use cases, associated strategic, operational, cyber and reputational risks, and advocates adapting existing risk-management and three-lines-of-defence frameworks, supported by an adaptive AI governance model and ten practical actions, to balance innovation with security, compliance, data privacy and organisational resilience.
Research
29 January 2025

Emerging market perspectives on business and human rights measures and economic development

FiftyEight
The report examines how business and human rights measures affect emerging-market suppliers, highlighting benefits such as market access and worker protections, alongside major compliance burdens and unintended consequences. It recommends bottom-up design, fairer contracting, capacity support and collaborative implementation to improve outcomes.
Research
1 January 2025

FiftyEight

Other
FiftyEight delivers research-driven technology solutions to ensure ethical working conditions across global supply chains. It partners with businesses, NGOs and governments to tackle modern slavery, forced labour and child labour. Its platforms including a mobile app for migrant workers, support transparent recruitment, safe migration and human rights compliance.
Organisation
1 research item

Advancing women’s financial inclusion: Guidelines to adopt a gender perspective in financial institutions

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
The report outlines guidelines for financial institutions to integrate gender perspectives across governance, management, staffing, communications, and product design. It promotes data-driven policies, bias reduction, inclusive culture, tailored financial solutions for women, and strategic partnerships to enhance women’s financial inclusion and strengthen institutional performance.
Research
25 May 2025

Indigenous and local communities’ initiatives have transformative potential to guide shifts toward sustainability in South America

The study examines 127 Indigenous and local community initiatives in Ecuador, Peru and Colombia, identifying three clusters with strong transformative potential. These initiatives use co-designed knowledge and relational values to advance cultural and ecological stewardship, demonstrating significant capacity to influence sustainable, just development pathways.
Research
25 June 2025

Business frameworks and actions to support human rights defenders: A retrospective and recommendations

Business and Human Rights Resource Centre
The report reviews how businesses can better respect and support human rights defenders by strengthening policies, due diligence, and accountability. It outlines emerging frameworks, examples of company action, implementation challenges, and recommendations for companies, investors, multistakeholder initiatives, and States to safeguard civic freedoms and address risks linked to business activities.
Research
16 July 2025
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