Library | ESG issues

Governance

The governance pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) refers to the systems, policies, and practices that ensure an organisation is managed responsibly and ethically. It includes issues such as board structure, reporting & disclosures, shareholders & voting, and risk management. Strong governance reduces risks, enhances trust, and supports long-term business sustainability.

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Nature-related financial disclosures: Frequently asked questions

Governance Institute of Australia
This FAQ guide explains key concepts in nature-related financial disclosures, including biodiversity, dependencies, impacts, and the TNFD framework. It outlines disclosure requirements, materiality, governance responsibilities, and greenwashing risks, offering practical insights for businesses preparing for future regulatory expectations and aligning with international sustainability standards.
Research
1 July 2024

Carbon accounting FAQs - August 2023

Chartered Accountants Australia + New Zealand
This FAQ guide by CA ANZ outlines key carbon accounting concepts, including emissions measurement, net zero versus carbon neutral, carbon markets, and related financial and ethical considerations. It supports finance professionals with evolving standards, regulatory requirements, and practical guidance for managing climate-related data and assurance services using science-based methodologies.
Research
17 May 2023

Navigating the Australian climate-related financial disclosure landscape

Chartered Accountants Australia + New Zealand
This guide outlines Australia’s new climate-related financial disclosure requirements commencing in 2025. It defines reporting thresholds, timelines, and compliance pathways for entities based on size and emissions reporting status, and details implementation steps aligned with AASB and IFRS standards for climate and sustainability reporting.
Research
18 July 2024

The root cause of nature loss: Forests, why they matter, and how to assess deforestation risk in investment portfolios through nature-related data

ISS
This report outlines how deforestation, particularly in tropical forests, is a key driver of biodiversity loss and climate change. It presents the risks to institutional investors—physical, transition, and systemic—and offers a framework to assess deforestation exposure in portfolios using nature-related data and metrics across sectors and geographies..
Research
9 January 2025

Putting TNFD to work: Insights from early adopters

ISS
This report analyses how early adopters are implementing the TNFD framework, highlighting integration with climate disclosures, flexible use of the LEAP approach, and application of data tools. Insights show how businesses align nature-related risks with strategy and reporting, with regional uptake led by Asia Pacific and Europe.
Research
13 May 2025

PRI's Pathways

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
The PRI’s Pathways tool supports investors in aligning portfolios with sustainability goals. It provides guidance on implementing responsible investment practices, frameworks for transitioning to net zero, and resources to assess portfolio alignment with environmental and social outcomes. The tool is structured for practical application across different asset classes and strategies.
Online tool/database

Global responsible investment trends: Inside PRI reporting data 2025

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
The 2025 PRI report analyses data from 3,048 signatories, highlighting trends in climate risk management, stewardship, and human rights. Asset owners show increased engagement, with climate and social issues gaining priority. Investors continue integrating responsible investment into decision-making and oversight, with varied progress across policy, governance, and disclosure practices.
Research
26 March 2025

CIM's impact report 2024

Conscious Investment Management
CIM’s FY2024 Impact Report details investments in social and affordable housing, disability accommodation, and carbon farming. The portfolio supported 260 homes, 114 SDA dwellings, and biodiversity-focused climate projects, while applying rigorous impact measurement. The report reflects lessons from emerging sectors and First Nations partnerships.
Research
10 October 2024

The disability inclusion imperative

Disability:IN
Companies excelling in disability inclusion earn higher revenue, profit, and productivity. Despite rising interest, action lags. Barriers include disclosure fears and cost assumptions. The report introduces a five-part “A List” framework—Access, Awareness, Advocacy, Action, Accountability—to guide inclusive practices and improve organisational and financial outcomes.
Research
20 January 2024

2024 board diversity index

Governance Institute of Australia
This benchmark series provides an annual analysis of board diversity across ASX300 companies. It tracks representation beyond gender, covering areas such as cultural background, skills, age, tenure, and independence. The series offers longitudinal insights to assess diversity trends and board composition in the Australian corporate sector.
Benchmark/series
2 April 2024

Australia's employer gender pay gaps series

Australian Government
This benchmark series, produced by the Workplace Gender Equality Agency, reports on employer gender pay gaps across Australia’s private sector. It provides comparative insights into pay disparity trends by industry, employer size, and remuneration levels, supporting ongoing evaluation and improvement of workplace gender equality practices.
Benchmark/series
4 March 2025

CEW's senior executive census series

Chief Executive Women (CEW)
This benchmark series tracks annual progress in women's representation in executive leadership roles across the ASX300. It provides a consistent and comparative overview of gender diversity trends, highlights structural barriers, and evaluates corporate efforts towards achieving gender balance in leadership.
Benchmark/series
18 September 2024

Chief Executive Women (CEW)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Chief Executive Women (CEW) is an Australian organisation uniting over 1,200 senior women leaders across sectors to advance gender equity. CEW offers leadership programs, scholarships, and conducts research to support women's progression into executive roles. Its members collectively oversee more than 1.3 million employees and $749 billion in revenue.
Organisation
1 research item

2024 disability equality index

Disability:IN
The Disability Equality Index is a benchmark series assessing corporate performance in disability inclusion across multiple markets. It provides organisations with a structured tool to evaluate, compare, and enhance their inclusive practices aligned with sustainability and governance expectations.
Benchmark/series
30 October 2024

RIAA's responsible investment standard assessment note: For RIAA certified products trading with ‘impact’ in the product label

Responsible Investment Association Australasia
This note outlines RIAA’s requirements for certified products using ‘impact’ labels, ensuring alignment with international impact investing standards. It details criteria on intentionality, measurement, and investor contribution, and sets thresholds to avoid misleading claims. Products must show evidence of positive social or environmental outcomes alongside financial returns.
Research
1 September 2023

How just transition can help deliver the Paris Agreement

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
This report outlines how embedding just transition principles in climate strategies supports equitable decarbonisation. It presents trends, case studies, and a UNDP framework guiding countries to integrate socio-economic considerations into their Nationally Determined Contributions and Long-Term Strategies, promoting inclusive, sustainable development in line with the Paris Agreement.
Research
20 January 2023
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