Library | ESG issues

Lifecycle Management

Lifecycle Management (LCM) involves planning and managing a product or service’s entire lifecycle, from development to disposal, to minimise environmental and social impacts. By promoting sustainable production, recycling, and resource efficiency, LCM aligns with long-term strategies for reducing operational and reputational risks and improving operational efficiency.

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Sustainable Market Share Index 2025 report

NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business
This 2025 report by the NYU Stern Centre for Sustainable Business analyses CPG sales, finding sustainability-marketed products hold a 25.4% branded market share. These products grow 4.9 times faster than conventional counterparts and command a 26.6% price premium, despite inflation. Market shares are significantly higher in Germany and the UK.
Research
1 January 2025

Green Industry Platform

Green Growth Knowledge Partnership
The Green Industry Platform provides SMEs with technical knowledge and self-assessment tools, such as the I-GO Assistant, to enhance resource efficiency and implement net-zero measures. Managed by the GGKP, it offers sector-specific guidance, research, and circular economy insights for a sustainable industrial transition.
Resource hub

Life cycle assessment for cotton (country averages, organic, regenerative, recycled)

Textile Exchange
This research provides regional life cycle assessment data for cotton cultivation and recycling across key global regions. It identifies environmental hotspots, such as nitrogen fertiliser emissions and electricity consumption, while integrating additional sustainability criteria like soil health, biodiversity, and human rights through an LCA+ approach.
Research
24 March 2026

Circular economy perspectives in solar value chains: Circular business models for photovoltaic and solar water heating systems

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
This report examines transition strategies for solar value chains, focusing on circular business models for photovoltaic and solar water heating systems. It explores lifecycle management, modular design, and policy frameworks needed to manage projected cumulative solar waste of 60–78 million tonnes by 2050 while recovering critical materials.
Research
25 March 2026

Analysing the EU policy mix for the built environment from a sufficiency perspective

Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS)
This research assesses the integration of sufficiency principles into European Union building policies. Analysing 16 policy documents, it finds that while measures for reducing consumption and environmental sustainability are prevalent, social dimensions and behavioural changes are often neglected. It recommends prioritising building renovation over new construction to meet sustainability goals.
Research
5 September 2026

Metals-as-a-Service economic analysis: Comparing the MAAS and linear business models in the context of a wind project

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This research compares Metals-as-a-Service (MaaS) and linear business models in onshore wind projects. It finds that MaaS improves risk-adjusted performance, increasing project internal rate of return to 19.94% and reducing levelised cost of energy by 15%. The analysis assesses financial viability and risk mitigation strategies for stakeholders.
Research
7 May 2026

Harmonized calculations methods for product carbon footprints and life cycle assessments in the mining and metals industry

This research presents methodological recommendations for harmonising product carbon footprint and life cycle assessment calculations across the mining and metals industry. Developed with the International Council on Mining and Metals, it establishes consistent guidelines for 17 aspects, including system boundaries, electricity modelling, and multi-output allocation procedures.
Research
11 March 2026

Regionalized characterization factors for microplastic emissions in life cycle assessment considering multimedia fate modelling

This research establishes regionalised characterisation factors for microplastic emissions across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. Using fate modelling aligned with USEtox, it evaluates 14 polymers and five size categories. Findings demonstrate that particle size and density significantly influence environmental persistence and subsequent impacts on global species richness.
Research
6 January 2026

Guidance for applying absolute environmental sustainability assessment on activities at different scales (BETA version)

Joint Research Centre
Provides beta guidance for applying Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment, comparing activities’ environmental burdens against planetary boundaries. It outlines a three-phase, nine-step framework, supported by case studies (buildings, cement, EU consumption), and aligns with existing accounting standards while addressing methodological gaps in allocating environmental limits.
Research
12 May 2025

Impact Thinking Canvas

Valuing Impact
The Impact Thinking Canva is a simple, printable framework to structure impact valuation projects, helping organisations define objectives, map impact pathways, identify key data needs and align stakeholders early in the process. It guides impact measurement and data collection at the start of an impact valuation exercise.
Online tool/database

GHG Protocol Life Cycle Databases

Greenhouse Gas Protocol
The GHG Protocol Life Cycle Databases page lists third-party life cycle inventory and emissions datasets to support product life cycle and corporate value chain (Scope 3) greenhouse gas accounting. It links to multiple global and sector-specific LCI sources, with summaries of content, formats and accessibility.
Online tool/database

Ecoinvent Association

Other
Ecoinvent Association is a Swiss not-for-profit association providing one of the world’s most comprehensive Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases for environmental and sustainability assessments. Its transparent, high-quality environmental data supports life cycle assessment (LCA), carbon footprinting and supply chain impact analysis for researchers, companies and policymakers.
Organisation

How the circular economy can revive the sustainable development goals: Priorities for immediate global action, and a policy blueprint for the transition to 2050

Chatham House
This report argues that embedding circular economy principles within the Sustainable Development Goals could revive stalled progress. It outlines five global policy priorities and proposes a 2050 blueprint linking circularity, inclusive growth, trade, finance and standards to post-2030 development agendas.
Research
18 September 2024

ITI’s sustainable technology policy guide: Understanding AI’s role in the energy transition

Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)
The report outlines how AI increases energy demand yet supports sustainability through efficiency gains, improved forecasting, and advanced grid management. It recommends grid modernisation, expanded low-carbon power, enhanced data-centre resource efficiency, and lifecycle carbon management to enable reliable, sustainable deployment of next-generation technologies.
Research
21 September 2024

Making money talk nicely: Biodiversity impact assessment for investors

This study compares eight biodiversity impact assessment tools used by investors. It finds low consistency in company rankings due to non-standardised methods, weak transparency and limited validation, concluding that reliance on single tools risks mispricing nature-related financial risk and calling for improved disclosures and spatially explicit approaches.
Research
26 June 2025

Net zero carbon buildings in cities: Interdependencies between policy and finance

Climate Policy Initiative
This report analyses how cities can decarbonise buildings by mapping the interdependencies between policy and financial instruments and the barriers they address. It highlights priority actions for cooling, embodied carbon, adaptation and a just transition, outlining pathways that help cities sequence measures to accelerate net zero building outcomes.
Research
20 December 2023
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