Library | ESG issues

Reporting & Disclosures

Reporting and disclosures provide transparency on a company’s financial performance, strategy, and sustainability practices. Clear, reliable disclosures improve stakeholder trust, inform investment decisions, and drive corporate accountability.

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Creating city portraits: A methodological guide from The Thriving Cities Initiative

Doughnut Economics Action Lab (DEAL)
This report introduces a practical approach to visualizing sustainable urban development. Based on the 'doughnut' concept, the guide provides insight into the holistic nature of thriving cities and acts as a transformative tool for policymakers.
Research
8 July 2020

Rate the raters 2023: ESG ratings at a crossroads

ERM SustainAbility Institute
This report explores the current landscape of ESG ratings. Investors are the primary customers for ESG ratings products and drivers of their evolution. Fifty-two percent of corporates and fifty-nine percent of investors have moderate trust that ESG ratings accurately reflect ESG performance.
Research
23 March 2023

International IR framework

International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC)
This report provides a summary of the International Integrated Reporting Framework. Integrated Reporting promotes a cohesive approach to corporate reporting by providing information about value creation, preservation, or erosion over the short, medium, and long term. Fundamental concepts, guiding principles, and content elements are detailed in this framework.
Research
1 January 2021

Women decision makers: How can more capital reach women decision makers in emerging markets?

Value For Women
This report explores the barriers preventing women fund managers from receiving capital, particularly local, diverse women. The report outlines recommendations and tools for investors to better support women decision makers.
Research
26 July 2023

Investing in the laws of war: International humanitarian law and the financial sector

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (Deloitte)
The article reviewed the extent to which the country's financial sector incorporates IHL and conflict-related considerations in investment and operational decision-making. Findings from the unpublished confidential report reveal a lack of IHL awareness and significant knowledge gaps, highlighting the need to embed IHL into corporate policies and practices.
Research
2 August 2023

Measuring what matters most: Seven systems transformations for benchmarking companies on the SDGs

World Benchmarking Alliance
This report provides guidance on developing benchmarks to transform systems towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It identifies seven critical transformations: social, agriculture and food, decarbonisation and energy, circular, digital, urban, and financial systems. These benchmarks aim to hold companies accountable and drive meaningful change across industries to support sustainable development.
Research
15 July 2019

Future of waste

UBS
This report examines the future of waste reduction, the environmental and financial impacts of waste, and investment opportunities in waste management globally. The report provides regional, country, and sector insights on companies most affected by waste and ways for mainstream companies to proactively manage waste and pollution.
Research
24 February 2020

Renewable energy and human rights benchmark: Key findings from the wind and solar sectors

Business and Human Rights Resource Centre
The 2023 benchmark report assesses the world’s most influential companies in the wind and solar sectors. It aims to encourage greater respect for human rights through recommendations on transparency, anti-corruption, and worker protections. The report reveals progress and areas of concern and offers guidance for companies, investors, and policy-makers.
Research
13 December 2023

Beyond compliance in the renewable energy sector: Assessing UK and Australian Modern Slavery Act statements

Walk Free
This report assesses the statements of 60 renewable energy companies under the UK and Australian Modern Slavery Acts, identifying their compliance gaps. Though most firms disclose their modern slavery policy, few extend it beyond tier one, limiting worker protection. The report calls for improved guidance, supply chain transparency, and stronger government enforcement measures.
Research
20 September 2023

An integrated framework to assess greenwashing

Climate Social Science Network (CCSN)
Companies, nonprofits, and governments are increasingly engaging in greenwashing despite regulations for misleading advertisements. This report provides a framework for detecting greenwashing in such claims for all actors, whether non-commercial or non-advertisements.
Research
16 September 2021

The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) base code

Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI)
This report describes the ETI Base Code, an internationally recognised code of good labour practice promoting ethical trade. Its nine standards aim to protect workers and prevent exploitation in global supply chains. The code is implemented by forward-thinking companies, trade unions, and NGOs to promote decent work.
Research
24 March 2018

Collision course: The risks companies face when their political spending and core values conflict, and how to address them

Center for Political Accountability
The paper warns companies that their political spending may put them at risk of reputational damage and possible backlash. Their report gives specific examples, and outlines recommendations and policies that allow businesses to align their core values with political expenditures, while developing safeguards to protect their reputations.
Research
21 July 2018

In search of impact: Measuring the full value of capital

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
This report outlines a sustainable investment framework, designed to empower individuals and organisations to better understand and make informed investment choices. The framework utilises six themes to communicate the impact of financial flows into the economy and contains theoretically grounded metrics that can be practically applied.
Research
28 August 2019

At the crossroads: 10 years of implementing the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in Australia

Australian Human Rights Commission
The report examines the implementation and impact of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in Australia over the past decade.
Research
22 September 2021

Sustainable investing: Establishing long-term value and performance

Deutsche Bank
The study finds that corporations with a commitment to sustainable investing have superior risk-adjusted returns. While fund managers face challenges in capturing the outperformance with some exceptions, they have not generally underperformed. Integrated reporting can be used to improve the transparency and accuracy of ESG information.
Research
15 June 2012

Net zero integrity: Assessment of the net zero pledges of Australian companies

University of Technology Sydney
This report assesses the net zero pledges of ten Australian companies, highlighting a gap between current voluntary commitments and the requirements of global standards. None of the firms have a comprehensive, quantified, and independently verified plan for reducing emissions in line with a science-based pathway.
Research
14 February 2024
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