Library | ESG issues

Shareholders & Voting

Shareholders have the right to vote on corporate decisions, including board appointments, mergers, disclosures, and ESG policies. Active ownership through voting and engagement is a key mechanism for aligning corporate actions with investor interests and long-term value creation.

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Passing the baton: Creating value through CEO succession at family businesses

McKinsey & Company
This McKinsey report analyses CEO succession at family-owned businesses, drawing on 200 publicly traded and 170 private FOBs globally. It finds that succession on average erodes shareholder value, but top-performing FOBs can achieve the opposite by applying 11 critical practices spanning five foundational and six distinctive areas.
Research
3 February 2026

Voice without influence? Global investor voting rationale disclosures in Korea

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
This study examines whether global institutional investors’ voting rationale disclosures influence Korean firms’ gender diversity and climate-related policies. It finds stronger investor focus on board gender diversity than climate risk, limited influence on large firms, greater impact on smaller firms’ emissions reductions, and evidence that voting rationales affect the credibility of sustainability reporting.
Research
17 May 2026

Socially-minded investors and corporate behavior

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
This report examines whether socially-minded investors influence corporate behaviour through voting, managerial incentives, or identity investing. It concludes that existing channels offer limited impact and evaluates potential legal reforms, such as binding shareholder votes and mandatory disclosures, to better align corporate actions with these investors' preferences.
Research
30 April 2026

Optional shareholder voting

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
This paper examines optional shareholder voting by institutional managers (IMs) using newly available SEC data on say-on-pay votes. Only 44% of IMs vote, yet their aggregate voting footprint is twice that of mutual funds. IMs use voting as a monitoring tool, with larger positions associated with greater opposition to management.
Research
27 April 2026

Legal form and corporate outcomes: Evidence from the societas europaea

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
Study finds Societas Europaea adoption improves firms’ international positioning, increasing foreign investor ownership and cross-border acquisitions. However, markets generally react negatively, information asymmetry rises, and shareholder returns weaken post-adoption, suggesting governance flexibility and supranational identity benefits may be offset by uncertainty and potential minority shareholder concerns.
Research
3 May 2026

Systematic stewardship on the waterbed

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
Tröger argues corporate governance tools, including stewardship, say-on-climate votes and ESG-linked pay, cannot replace broad climate regulation. Firm-level interventions may trigger “waterbed effects”, shifting emissions rather than reducing them. Carbon pricing or comprehensive emissions caps are presented as more effective.
Research
30 March 2026

Investor democracy

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
Examines investor democracy in pension funds using deliberative mini-publics and a binding member vote. Finds informed deliberation shifts preferences towards impact investing despite potential lower returns, with broader member support leading to increased allocations, demonstrating how structured participation can guide sustainable investment decisions.
Research
13 February 2026

UK Stewardship Code 2026

Financial Reporting Council (FRC)
The UK Stewardship Code (2026) sets voluntary principles for asset owners, managers and service providers to demonstrate effective stewardship through transparent, outcomes-focused reporting, supporting responsible capital allocation and long-term value creation for clients and beneficiaries.
Research
3 June 2026

Shareholder proposals: An essential investor right

US Sustainable Investment Forum (US SIF)
The report argues shareholder proposals are a key investor right, enabling engagement on governance and ESG risks, improving corporate accountability and long-term value. It highlights regulatory frameworks, practical impacts across sectors, and emerging threats to this mechanism within US capital markets.
Research
12 March 2025

US SIF Proxy Proposal Archive

US Sustainable Investment Forum (US SIF)
The US SIF Proxy Proposal Archive is a public database providing access to over 7,000 shareholder proposals filed at US companies, alongside detailed research reports and annual briefings. It enables analysis of environmental, social and governance (ESG) trends, supporting investors in evaluating proxy voting issues and corporate engagement.
Online tool/database

Sustainable Finance Roundup February 2026: Disclosure, Carbon Trade, and Transition Economics

This month’s sustainability roundup traces a rapidly evolving landscape in climate governance and industrial transition, highlighting the convergence of ISSB-aligned disclosure standards and emerging carbon trade measures alongside shifting cost curves in transport and critical minerals. It underscores how tighter emissions accounting and border policies are embedding carbon competitiveness into capital allocation, while advances in electrification, AI-driven power demand and expanding legal accountability are integrating climate and nature risk into mainstream financial decision-making.
Article
3 March 2026

A blueprint for best practice in investor collaborations

Altiorem
This guide outlines best practice for investor collaborations addressing systemic ESG risks. It defines collaboration models, examines benefits and barriers, and presents a six-step framework covering leadership, governance, alignment, resourcing and accountability. Case studies illustrate how structured, investor-led initiatives can influence corporate behaviour and public policy.
Research
17 June 2025

Making the case: Macroeconomic risk & portfolio impact: A tool for system-level investors

The Shareholder Commons
Provides system-level investors with practical language, research and engagement tools to address macroeconomic and systemic risks. Argues diversified portfolios depend primarily on overall market performance, which is shaped by social and environmental externalities, and supports stewardship actions to protect long-term portfolio value.
Research
11 February 2026

Climate change & the engagement gap: Why investors must do more than move the needle, and how they can

The Shareholder Commons
This report argues that climate change poses systemic risks to diversified portfolios and that conventional ESG engagement is insufficient. It proposes investor-led, enterprise-agnostic “guardrails” to limit greenhouse gas emissions, protect overall economic value, and complement inadequate regulation.
Research
1 September 2022

Systems-informed stewardship part II: Bringing a systems perspective to stewardship

This article applies a systems lens to stewardship, arguing that fragmented intermediation and entrenched short-term time horizons undermine sustainability outcomes. It calls for recognising these structural barriers as a critical step toward more effective, systems-informed stewardship.
Article
11 February 2026

Portfolios on the ballot

The Shareholder Commons
Portfolios on the Ballot (POTB) is a tool by The Shareholder Commons that tracks shareholder proposals with potential system-wide economic impacts. It supports portfolio-level analysis of proxy votes, focusing on long-term market, social, and environmental risks relevant to diversified investors.
Online tool/database
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