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Commodities

Physical goods such as energy (oil, gas, renewables), metals, and agricultural products traded in global markets.

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The accountability framework operational guidance series

Accountability Framework initiative
The Accountability Framework Operational Guidance series provides practical guidance for companies on implementing responsible agricultural and forestry supply chains. The series covers environmental protection, human rights, workers’ rights, Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ rights, supply chain management, reporting, remediation, and compliance with voluntary commitments and applicable law.
Benchmark/series
4 April 2024

A guide to the New Zealand emissions trading scheme: 2026 update: Design, evolution, and current state

Motu Economic and Public Policy Research
This guide outlines the design, evolution, and current state of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme as of March 2026. It covers sectoral coverage, unit supply, price controls, free allocation, forestry, and emissions trends, including recent legislative changes to agricultural obligations and the 2050 biogenic methane target.
Research
17 April 2026

The criticality of gender equality in the race for critical minerals

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
This report explores how the rising demand for critical minerals risks exacerbating long-standing gender inequalities within the mining sector. It provides factual recommendations for governments and organisations to implement gender-responsive impact assessments, inclusive consultation, and equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms to safeguard women's rights globally.
Research
13 May 2026

Forging a global clean steel economy: Leveraging trade to reduce the green premium

Rhodium Group
This report examines how decarbonising the global steel industry requires separating ironmaking from steelmaking. By leveraging international trade, countries can co-locate energy-intensive processes in resource-rich regions like Brazil, Australia, and India. This strategic approach reduces production costs and helps lower the green premium for clean steel.
Research
5 May 2026

DBSA: Financial instrument design for an effective carbon market in South Africa

Climate Policy Initiative
The Development Bank of Southern Africa details two proposed financial instruments to support the domestic voluntary carbon market: a carbon credit-backed bond and a repurchase facility. These tools aim to mobilise private capital, address early-stage funding shortages, and improve liquidity for carbon reduction projects.
Research
29 April 2026

Sheltering from oil shocks: Measures to reduce impacts on households and businesses

International Energy Agency (IEA)
This International Energy Agency report outlines measures to reduce the impact of oil supply disruptions on households and businesses. It details short-term and structural strategies across road and air transport, industry, and cooking fuels to lower demand and shield vulnerable consumers from rising energy costs.
Research
20 March 2026

Food systems and antimicrobial resistance: Impacts on food safety, animal production and trade

World Organisation for Animal Health
This report examines the impact of antimicrobial resistance in food systems on public health, animal production, and international trade. It highlights the role of food-borne pathogens and commensal bacteria in transmitting resistance, evaluates risk analysis models, and recommends enhanced surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and standardisation of global trade regulations.
Research
31 March 2026

Pipe dreams: How oil and gas fail to deliver economic development in Africa

Oil Change International
This 2026 report analyses the economic impact of oil and gas extraction across 13 African nations. Finding that fossil fuels exacerbate poverty, vulnerability, and corruption rather than delivering sustained growth, it advocates for a rapid, just transition to decentralised renewable energy to ensure future economic stability and development.
Research
7 May 2026

Assessing the resilience of global grain supplies to compound climatic and non-climatic shocks

This research evaluates the resilience of global grain supplies to compounding climatic and non-climatic shocks. Using a bilateral trade model for 177 countries, it demonstrates that energy price spikes and extreme weather severely disrupt food systems, highlighting the need for strategic stockpiling and diversified trade agreements to ensure food security.
Research
12 May 2026

Critical minerals traceability for energy and economic security

International Energy Agency (IEA)
IEA finds traceability systems can strengthen critical mineral supply chain resilience by improving visibility, diversification and responsible sourcing. Adoption is increasing but remains uneven due to costs, interoperability issues and limited incentives. The report recommends harmonised standards, financial support and international co-operation to improve energy and economic security.
Research
24 April 2026

Blocking a better world altogether: Rabobank’s bogus policy about animal welfare and sustainable agriculture

World Animal Protection
World Animal Protection argues Rabobank’s sustainability policies fail to match its financing practices, alleging continued support for companies linked to animal cruelty, deforestation and high emissions. The report urges stricter lending conditions, stronger monitoring and reduced investment in industrial livestock expansion to align with climate and animal welfare goals.
Research
16 May 2024

Tackling governance and financing for sustainability transitions

International Resource Panel
The report argues current financial systems misallocate capital towards resource-intensive activities, hindering sustainability transitions. It recommends policy, governance and financial reforms to redirect investment towards resource efficiency, low-carbon development and equitable transition pathways, particularly in resource-dependent economies.
Research
6 June 2025

The case for pricing pollution: Reducing emissions, strengthening the economy, and delivering a fair share for Australians

The Superpower Institute
The report argues Australia should introduce a Polluter Pays Levy and Fair Share Levy to cut emissions, raise revenue, compensate households, improve productivity, and secure fairer returns from fossil fuel resources.
Research
1 January 2026

The Core Carbon Principles (CCPs)

Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM)
The Core Carbon Principles are a global benchmark developed by the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market to assess the quality of carbon credits. They set standards for transparency, governance and environmental integrity, helping market participants identify credible credits and improve confidence in voluntary carbon markets.
Research
27 July 2023

Sustainable Finance Roundup March 2026: Markets, Climate Risk, and the Transition in Practice

This month’s sustainability roundup captures a shift from framework development to real-world application, where climate and nature risks are increasingly embedded across financial systems, legal accountability, and decision-making. It highlights how intensifying physical climate signals, evolving disclosures, and maturing litigation are converging with insights on sovereign risk, energy systems, and corporate strategy. Together, these developments show how sustainability is moving beyond principle—being tested, priced, and enforced across markets, regulation, and the real economy.
Article
31 March 2026

Responsible exit principles for oil and gas companies

Carbon Tracker Initiative
Sets out voluntary principles for responsible oil and gas asset exits, focusing on decommissioning, buyer due diligence, transparency and stakeholder engagement to reduce climate, financial, legal and social risks from asset transfers and support an orderly transition.
Research
23 September 2024
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