This report analyses the relationship between sovereign ESG risks and credit risk across 70 countries. Using FTSE Russell/Beyond Ratings data and five-year CDS spreads, it finds stronger financial materiality of ESG risks in emerging and high-yield markets, particularly for social and governance factors, with weaker results for environmental risks.

This report analyses the link between ESG integration and global investor returns, drawing on cross-regional data and sector comparisons. It assesses how environmental, social, and governance factors correlate with performance, highlighting variations across markets and asset classes. The study provides evidence-based insights on ESG’s financial materiality for investors worldwide.

This MSCI report reviews the long-term performance of ESG ratings in global and developed equity markets. It finds that higher-rated companies outperformed peers, driven by stronger earnings growth and dividend yields rather than valuation effects. MSCI ESG indexes also generally outperformed their benchmarks across regions and during crises.

This report benchmarks 76 of the world’s largest asset managers on responsible investment across governance, climate, biodiversity, and social issues. Findings show stagnating progress, weak biodiversity policies, and continued fossil fuel investments, with European managers outperforming peers. Only a few demonstrate comprehensive responsible investment practices.

The SIN Producers tool identifies companies producing hazardous chemicals, helping finance professionals assess risks in their portfolios. The tool provides concise, structured information for making informed investment decisions, focusing on sustainability and regulatory compliance.

This guide outlines environmental, social, and just transition considerations for investors in aviation’s fuel shift. It compares biofuels and e-fuels, highlights regulatory and biodiversity risks, and provides engagement questions to assess companies’ transition strategies, ensuring alignment with climate goals while safeguarding communities and long-term financial stability.

Water Footprint Network is a non-profit, global collaboration platform advancing fair and smart freshwater use. It champions science-based water footprint assessment, offers open-access tools and data for businesses, governments and communities, and guides sustainable, equitable water governance to address water scarcity and pollution worldwide.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) drives space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics innovation. Its work spans human spaceflight, planetary missions, Earth and climate research, advanced space technology and satellite programmes. NASA shares open data, images and video to inform global science and deepen understanding of Earth and the universe.

Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It provides independent research and data to support EU policies on climate change, energy, health, food security, digital innovation and safety. JRC delivers scientific evidence to help policymakers address global challenges with reliable analysis and solutions.

Chatham House, known formally as Royal Institute of International Affairs, is an independent policy institute in London. It delivers rigorous research, analysis and dialogue on global issues—such as international relations, climate change, security and economics. Its mission: help governments and societies build a sustainably secure, prosperous and just world.

This report examines the barriers to bringing new antibiotics to market, highlighting funding gaps, regulatory uncertainty, and weak commercial incentives. It outlines policy solutions to improve access and development, aiming to address the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by supporting viable pathways for pharmaceutical innovation.

This report examines how entrenched political and market structures hinder agribusinesses from transitioning to sustainable models. It identifies three systemic “lock-ins” and outlines how policy reforms, financial incentives, and political commitment can unlock agribusiness potential to drive food system transformation at scale and pace.

This commentary re-evaluates Cheng, Ioannou, and Serafeim (2014) and finds no robust evidence that corporate social responsibility improves access to finance. Using improved methods and alternative data, the analysis reveals only a cross-sectional association, suggesting firm-level differences—not CSR changes—may explain variations in financing access.

This supplemental report provides standardised methods for communities to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and carbon removals from forests and trees. It expands the global protocol for community-scale greenhouse gas inventories by offering detailed guidance for accounting Scope 1 emissions and removals, supporting local climate action planning and integration with national inventories.

The greenhouse gas protocol’s land sector and removals initiative aims to develop internationally accepted corporate guidance for accounting and reporting emissions and removals from land use, bioenergy, and carbon removal. It seeks to improve transparency, support target-setting, and align with climate goals through a multi-stakeholder, science-based process.

This working paper presents a methodology for fossil fuel companies to estimate and disclose potential greenhouse gas emissions from their reserves. It outlines seven steps for calculating emissions, addressing combustion, leakage, and storage factors, with the aim of improving transparency and enabling comparison across companies and alignment with climate targets.