This report examines how entrenched political and market structures hinder agribusinesses from transitioning to sustainable models. It identifies three systemic “lock-ins” and outlines how policy reforms, financial incentives, and political commitment can unlock agribusiness potential to drive food system transformation at scale and pace.

This commentary re-evaluates Cheng, Ioannou, and Serafeim (2014) and finds no robust evidence that corporate social responsibility improves access to finance. Using improved methods and alternative data, the analysis reveals only a cross-sectional association, suggesting firm-level differences—not CSR changes—may explain variations in financing access.

This supplemental report provides standardised methods for communities to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and carbon removals from forests and trees. It expands the global protocol for community-scale greenhouse gas inventories by offering detailed guidance for accounting Scope 1 emissions and removals, supporting local climate action planning and integration with national inventories.

The greenhouse gas protocol’s land sector and removals initiative aims to develop internationally accepted corporate guidance for accounting and reporting emissions and removals from land use, bioenergy, and carbon removal. It seeks to improve transparency, support target-setting, and align with climate goals through a multi-stakeholder, science-based process.

This working paper presents a methodology for fossil fuel companies to estimate and disclose potential greenhouse gas emissions from their reserves. It outlines seven steps for calculating emissions, addressing combustion, leakage, and storage factors, with the aim of improving transparency and enabling comparison across companies and alignment with climate targets.

The GHG protocol agricultural guidance provides a framework for agricultural companies to develop greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories aligned with the Corporate Standard. It offers sector-specific methodologies to account for direct and indirect emissions, carbon stock changes, and unique agricultural factors such as land use change and biological processes. The guidance enhances consistency, transparency, and usability of agricultural GHG data for decision-making and reporting.

The report outlines how banks can link technology investments to value creation. It presents a framework to improve returns through strategic allocation, outcome-based execution, and transparency. It identifies five tech-enabled themes that align with shareholder value drivers such as revenue growth, fee income, and risk mitigation.

The report explores how board directors perceive and advance climate action. While most recognise its importance and opportunity, competing priorities and knowledge gaps hinder progress. Local Chapters of the Climate Governance Initiative are shown to support action through resources, training, and peer networks across varied global contexts.

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard provides a framework for businesses to quantify and report greenhouse gas emissions. It establishes standardised accounting principles, categorises emissions by scope, and offers guidance for setting organisational and operational boundaries. The Standard promotes transparency, consistency, and comparability in corporate GHG inventories.

This report assesses cost-effective methods to reduce methane emissions from enteric fermentation, manure management, and rice cultivation. It outlines region-specific strategies and underscores the need for research, regulatory frameworks, and cross-sector collaboration to support implementation and scale-up of mitigation solutions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can support the climate transition by reducing global emissions by up to 5.4 GtCO₂e annually by 2035 in the power, food, and transport sectors, surpassing its own energy footprint. Strategic government action is essential to ensure AI accelerates low-carbon solutions equitably and effectively.

Nuclear energy is gaining momentum as a reliable, low-emissions electricity source. The report outlines growth drivers, investment needs, emerging technologies such as small modular reactors, and policy frameworks required for scale-up. Financing challenges, supply chain risks, and workforce planning are key to realising nuclear’s role in future energy systems.

This paper presents a typology of climate activists based on their focus—internal (endogenous) or external (exogenous)—and their theory of change—collaborative or confrontational. It proposes 16 activist types across individual, group, coalition, and institutional levels to improve conceptual clarity around climate activism.

This report examines the limitations of current bank decarbonisation targets and proposes design reforms to align with net zero. It analyses scope coverage, target types, and sector alignment, offering practical recommendations for enhancing climate credibility and effectiveness in financial institutions’ transition planning.

The report outlines strategies and case studies from global cities integrating nature into urban development to address climate and biodiversity challenges. It highlights the importance of public-private collaboration, compact planning, and nature-based infrastructure in fostering resilient, sustainable, and equitable cities. Solutions are scalable and grounded in real-world examples.

This report examines the human rights risks associated with artificial intelligence in the ICT sector. It offers guidance for rights-respecting AI development, outlines regulatory frameworks, presents the business rationale for ethical AI, and supports investor engagement with practical tools and questions for assessing AI-related corporate practices