First Street argues climate risk is reshaping US housing via higher insurance costs and climate-driven migration, with projected net residential property value losses of about US$1.2 trillion by 2055 and 84% of census tracts facing some negative valuation effects.

This report assesses how financial regulation in Indonesia, Brazil, China, the EU and the US aligns with Global Biodiversity Framework targets, finding biodiversity integration generally weak and recommending stronger disclosure, due diligence, taxonomies, sanctions and sector-specific rules to redirect finance away from forest-risk activities.

Columbia Journalism Review (CJR) is a media analysis and journalism review publication produced by Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. Founded in 1961, CJR examines news industry trends, press freedom, and media ethics, providing reporting, commentary, and criticism to help journalists and media professionals understand developments shaping global journalism.

This working paper examines how corporate governance structures influence firms’ production decisions and associated negative externalities. Using a principal–agent model and empirical analysis, the authors show that costly managerial monitoring encourages performance-based pay, which can incentivise practices that increase socially costly production and broader social costs.

The Emissions Gap Report is an annual report series by the United Nations Environment Programme that assesses the gap between projected global greenhouse gas emissions and the reductions required to meet the Paris Agreement temperature goals. The series reviews emissions trends, national climate commitments and mitigation policy progress.

Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) is Singapore’s central bank and integrated financial regulator. MAS oversees banking, insurance, securities and payment systems, conducts monetary policy, issues currency and manages foreign reserves. It promotes financial stability, supports fintech innovation and develops Singapore as a global financial centre through regulation, supervision and policy guidance.

Colorado School of Mines is a public research university in Golden, Colorado specialising in engineering, applied science and technology. Founded in 1874, it delivers undergraduate and graduate programmes focused on energy, earth sciences and sustainability, and conducts industry-connected research addressing global challenges in resources, environment and advanced engineering fields worldwide.

Sapien Labs is a global non-profit research organisation founded in 2016 that studies the human brain and mind. Through initiatives such as the Global Mind Project, Sapien Labs collects large-scale data on mental health, environment and lifestyle to understand drivers of mind health and inform evidence-based approaches to mental wellbeing.

The OpenFEMA National Risk Index Data is a dataset that shows which United States communities are most at risk from 18 natural hazards, using measures of expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience. Data are available for counties and Census tracts and can be downloaded for analysis.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is a United States government agency within the Department of Homeland Security focused on disaster management. It helps communities prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate natural and human-made emergencies. FEMA provides emergency assistance, risk reduction guidance, and resilience resources nationwide.

Columbia University is a leading research university based in New York City, offering undergraduate, postgraduate and professional education across arts, sciences, engineering, business and medicine.

Through global research initiatives, public policy engagement and interdisciplinary scholarship, Columbia University advances innovation, academic excellence and societal impact, and community partnerships worldwide for society.

Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (CMRA) is a portal that helps users assess local exposure to climate-related hazards using federal data, enabling analysis of past, present and projected climate conditions to support risk assessments and resilience planning.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a US government science agency focused on understanding and predicting changes in climate, weather, oceans and coasts. It provides environmental data, severe weather forecasting, climate monitoring and marine ecosystem management to support public safety, commerce and research.

ImpactLab is a research organisation quantifying real-world climate change impacts using evidence-based, data-driven climate science and socioeconomic analysis. It provides hyperlocal climate risk data, estimates social cost of carbon, and informs policymakers, investors and businesses to support climate risk assessment, adaptation planning and sustainable decision-making.

This study tests open-ended survey methods for eliciting individual climate policy narratives using the Narrative Policy Framework. In a small, liberal US sample (n=88), problem-focused questions generated more complete narratives. Narrative elements varied by ideology, education and media use, supporting the ‘homo narrans’ assumption.

This benchmark series provides an annual, independent assessment of progress in implementing Australia’s sustainable finance roadmap and action plan. It tracks policy, regulatory, market and institutional developments, offering a consistent framework to monitor how the financial system is aligning with sustainability objectives over time.