The interdisciplinary Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at the University of Oxford specialises in teaching, research and outreach on environmental economics and policy, enterprise management, financial markets, investment and law. It engages with businesses and governments on climate change and long-term environmental sustainability.

Arabesque is a global partnership of three financial technology (FinTech) companies offering sustainable investment, advisory and data services, employing environmental, social and governance (ESG) big data and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. It comprises: Arabesque Asset Management, Arabesque S-Ray GmbH, ESG big data solutions provider; Arabesque AI Ltd, AI-based advisory company.

This 2015 report is a meta-study of over 200 sources of research on ESG (academic studies, industry reports, newspaper articles and books). It finds a positive correlation between diligent ESG and economic performance – i.e., companies with robust sustainability practices demonstrate better operational and financial market performance.

Supporting post-growth transformation, this doctoral thesis posits a new theory: relationship-to-profit theory. This explains the social and ecological implications of how businesses relate to profit, and argues that for economies to be sustainable businesses and markets should treat profit as a means rather than an end-in-itself.

State-governed Stockholm University in Sweden holds sustainability and the environment as central issues. It looks to work actively – through education, research, and collaboration with business, state and civil society – to help achieve the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the 2015 UN Resolution known as Agenda 2030.

University of Clermont Auvergne is a public university in France, created in 2017 through the merger of Blaise Pascal University and University of Auvergne. It is a Public Experimental Institution – a consolidation of education and research institutions contributing to public service – hosting cross-disciplinary sustainability, environmental and agroecosystems projects.