Library | ESG issues

Air Quality

Air quality reflects the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere, with major sources including fossil fuel combustion, industry, and agriculture. Poor air quality affects the majority of the global population and poses critical risks to human health, economic productivity, and environmental sustainability, making it a key issue for sustainable development.

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IQAir world air quality series

IQAir
The World Air Quality Report is an annual research series assessing global air quality using ground-level PM2.5 monitoring data. It provides consistent country, regional and city-level comparisons, supported by transparent methodology and harmonised datasets to inform policy, research and investment analysis.
Benchmark/series
30 April 2025

WESR: Air Visual

IQAir
The IQAir × UNEP air quality tool aggregates real-time PM2.5 data from thousands of monitors worldwide to show current air pollution exposure and estimates by age group, relative to WHO guidelines. It supports global air quality assessment through an interactive map and hourly updated exposure statistics.
Online tool/database

WESR: Ozone

United Nations Environment Programme
UNEP’s Ozone Secretariat portal supports implementation of the Montreal Protocol by providing access to data, reports, legal texts and compliance resources on ozone-depleting substances (ODS). It aids national authorities and stakeholders in tracking ODS phase-out and supporting global efforts to protect and restore the ozone layer.
Online tool/database

IQAir

Commercial Research Providers
IQAir is a commercial air quality technology company providing real-time air pollution data, analytics and monitoring solutions. It operates a global air quality platform, publishes World Air Quality Reports, and supplies air monitoring hardware. IQAir data supports public health, environmental research, urban planning and policy decision-making worldwide across multiple regions.
Organisation
2 research items

Historical redlining and cumulative environmental impacts across the United States

This study analyses 202 US cities, linking historic redlining to higher present-day cumulative environmental burdens. Using EJScreen data and modelling, it finds redlined neighbourhoods face significantly greater combined pollution exposures, particularly from traffic, hazardous waste and wastewater sites, with strongest disparities in western regions.
Research
30 December 2025

Greenpeace East Asia

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Greenpeace East Asia is a regional environmental campaigning organisation focused on climate change, toxic pollution, sustainable food, forests and ocean protection across East Asia. Active since 1997, it conducts research, advocacy and non-violent campaigns to influence policy and promote renewable energy and environmental sustainability.
Organisation
1 research item

Assessment of the health impacts and costs associated with indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure related to gas cooking in the European Union and the United Kingdom

Universitat Jaume I
The report estimates premature mortality, years of life lost and asthma cases in the EU and UK attributable to indoor nitrogen dioxide from gas cooking. Using modelling of indoor exposures and concentration–response functions, it quantifies associated economic costs and highlights potential health gains from transitioning to cleaner cooking energy
Research
28 October 2024

Moving forward imagining a sustainable transport system

New Economics Foundation
The report outlines a universal basic services approach to UK transport, highlighting inequitable access, high emissions, and car dependence. It assesses current government reforms and recommends long-term, publicly oriented investment to expand affordable, integrated, low-carbon mobility, prioritising public transport and active travel within environmental limits.
Research
18 December 2024

Rockefeller Capital Management

Commercial Research Providers
Rockefeller Capital Management (RockCo) delivers wealth management, asset management and investment banking services grounded in the Rockefeller legacy. Serving individuals, families and institutions, RockCo emphasises bespoke financial solutions, generational wealth planning and strategic advisory — combining innovation with long-standing trust.
Organisation
1 research item

Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) is a Japanese policy think tank founded in 2001. RIETI conducts theoretical and empirical economic research, bridges academe and government, and offers evidence-based trade, industry and economic policy recommendations.
Organisation
1 research item

The Hotspot Analysis Tool for Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP-HAT)

One Planet Network
SCP-HAT (Sustainable Consumption and Production Hotspots Analysis Tool) is an online tool that maps national and sector-level “hotspots” of unsustainable production and consumption using input-output and lifecycle methodologies.
Online tool/database

Environmental hotspots

United Nations Environment Programme
The Environmental Hotspots tool by UNEP offers an interactive map of high-risk ecological zones worldwide, allowing users to explore environmental pressures across sectors (e.g. ecosystems, resource extraction).
Online tool/database

The European Space Agency (ESA)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s intergovernmental organisation dedicated to space exploration, Earth observation, satellite navigation, and technological innovation. ESA collaborates with international partners, coordinates high-profile missions, and supports science, space safety and industry growth across member states.
Organisation
1 research item

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is a US-based nonpartisan economic research organisation producing working papers, conferences, datasets and publications on macroeconomics, labour markets, health economics and public policy. It supports scholars and policymakers with in-depth empirical research.
Organisation
1 research item

Kroll

Commercial Research Providers
Kroll is a global financial and risk advisory firm offering services in valuation, investigations, cyber-resilience, regulatory compliance, transaction advisory, restructuring and business services.
With around 6,500 experts across 32 countries, Kroll helps clients build, protect and maximise enterprise value through data, technology and intelligence.
Organisation
1 research item

NASA world viewer

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
NASA’s Worldview is a web‑based visualisation tool offering interactive browsing, animation and download of over 1000 global satellite imagery layers, many available within three hours of observation. It supports time‑critical and historical analysis of natural hazards, climate phenomena and environmental change.
Online tool/database
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