Library | ESG issues
Climate Change
Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.
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The (climate) Health Attribution Library
The Health Attribution Library is a curated “living” database compiling peer-reviewed studies that quantify human-health impacts of anthropogenic climate change through end-to-end detection and attribution analysis.
Elephant in the boardroom: People are missing in corporate supply chain goals
The report finds large companies emphasise environmental supply chain goals while rarely investing in people. Only 12% set worker-focused targets, and few pursue partnership-based approaches. It argues SMEs lack capacity to meet rising expectations and calls for people-centred, collaborative investment to support equitable supply chain transitions.
Planetary solvency – finding our balance with nature
This report outlines how climate and nature risks threaten the Earth system that underpins economies and societies. It proposes a Planetary Solvency framework, using risk-led assessment principles to inform policymakers of escalating systemic risks, tipping points and mitigation needs, emphasising the urgency of realistic global risk management to avoid severe disruption.
Agriculture sector climate change scenarios
The report outlines climate change scenarios for New Zealand’s agriculture sector, assessing physical and transition risks across regions and farm systems. It presents orderly, disorderly and hothouse futures, highlighting impacts on production, land use and communities, and providing a foundation for sector-wide resilience planning and adaptation.
Agriculture sector climate change scenarios and adaptation roadmap
The report outlines climate change risks and opportunities for New Zealand’s agriculture sector, presenting shared scenarios and an adaptation roadmap. It identifies key challenges, drivers of change and priority actions to strengthen resilience, guide investment, support innovation and enable a coordinated, sector-wide response.
Essential guide to valuations and climate change
This guide provides a framework for incorporating climate-related risks and opportunities into business valuations. It outlines a five-step process, highlights data and disclosure challenges, and illustrates application through case studies. The aim is to support more consistent, transparent and informed valuation practice as climate impacts become increasingly material.
Sustainable Finance Roundup November 2025: Transition Turning Points and Rising Accountability
This month’s sustainable-finance roundup highlights faster transition momentum, rising physical risks and a tightening focus on accountability. COP30 reinforced expectations for stronger 2035 targets, while national actions underscored diverging paths toward decarbonisation. Markets continued shifting toward clean energy and resilience, and new science made climate harms more visible. With regulatory scrutiny and litigation increasing, transition credibility and real-economy resilience are becoming core drivers of financial risk and investment decisions.
ESG and the sustainable economy handbook series
This benchmark series outlines key legal, operational, and investment considerations shaping ESG and the sustainable economy. It provides structured guidance for investors, operators, and policymakers on evolving practices, regulatory expectations, and sector-level developments, offering a consistent foundation for understanding how sustainability themes influence financial and organisational decision-making.
Responsible banking blueprint: A roadmap for action on climate, nature and biodiversity, healthy and inclusive economies and human rights
This report outlines a blueprint for responsible banking, detailing how banks can embed climate, nature, human rights, and inclusive economy considerations into strategy, governance, client engagement, capital allocation and disclosure. It provides guidance on setting and implementing targets to align portfolios and practices with global sustainability frameworks.
Oxygen Consulting
Oxygen Consulting offers specialist sustainability consulting services across carbon, climate and nature, sustainability strategy and advisory, disclosure and reporting, audit and assurance, and capability development. Serving organisations in New Zealand across diverse sectors, it supports measurement, strategy formation and robust sustainability-governance frameworks to drive meaningful business impact.
The investor climate policy engagement paradox
The article explores the paradox in which institutional investors focus heavily on climate-risk disclosure, an area of comfort and perceived legitimacy, while underinvesting in real-economy climate policy that could meaningfully reduce systemic risk. It argues that meaningful climate action requires shifting from technocratic “managing tons” approaches toward politically challenging asset revaluation and more robust policy engagement.
Trophic rewilding can expand natural climate solutions
This paper argues that restoring wild animal populations can significantly enhance natural climate solutions by boosting carbon capture and storage across ecosystems. It presents evidence that animal-driven processes can help reduce emissions shortfalls and supports integrating trophic rewilding into climate and biodiversity policy.
Increasing climate ambition, decreasing emissions: The third progress report of the net-zero asset owner alliance
The report outlines the Net-Zero Asset Owner Alliance’s progress in reducing financed emissions, strengthening target-setting, and expanding climate-solution investments. It highlights updated methodologies, increased engagement with companies and policymakers, and rising member participation, underscoring the need for credible transition pathways and supportive policy environments to advance alignment with 1.5°C goals.
On YouTube, a Shift from Denying Science to Dismissing Solutions
This article dives into an analysis of over 12,000 YouTube videos and finds that while outright climate-change denial is dropping, content undermining climate solutions and trust in scientists is rising sharply. It also highlights concerns over YouTube’s ad policies, which still allow monetisation alongside videos that downplay impacts or spread misleading claims about climate policy.
The new climate denial: How social media platforms and content producers profit by spreading new forms of climate denial
Climate denial on YouTube has shifted from rejecting global heating to undermining climate impacts, solutions, and science. New Denial now represents most claims, while Old Denial has declined. The report highlights platform monetisation of such content and calls for updated policies and stronger action to address evolving misinformation.
Cities Climate Finance Leadership Alliance (CCFLA)
Cities Climate Finance Leadership Alliance (CCFLA) is a global multi-stakeholder coalition mobilising finance for urban low-carbon and climate-resilient infrastructure. It supports sub-national governments in developing bankable projects, strengthening enabling environments and closing investment gaps especially in emerging markets and developing economies.