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Climate Change

Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.

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C-ROADS Climate Change Policy Simulator

Climate Interactive
C-ROADS is a policy simulation tool developed by Climate Interactive and MIT Sloan to visualise how national emission reduction pledges impact global temperature and sea levels.
Online tool/database

Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT) Dashboard

Climate Policy Initiative
The Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT) is an interactive tool by Climate Policy Initiative that monitors 1,500 financial institutions. It tracks climate commitments, risk management, and real-economy impacts to help professionals benchmark transition progress across the global financial system.
Online tool/database
6 November 2025

Strengthening synergies between JREDD+ and sustainable supply chains to protect tropical forests

Accountability Framework initiative
This white paper examines the integration of Jurisdictional REDD+ (JREDD+) programmes with corporate supply chain sustainability. It identifies pathways for corporate engagement, addresses structural barriers, and provides recommendations for recognising jurisdictional progress within sustainability frameworks to scale investment and enhance forest conservation outcomes in commodity production landscapes.
Research
18 September 2026

The State of Cities Climate Finance: Part 2: The enabling conditions for mobilising urban climate finance

The World Bank
Produced by the World Bank and CCFLA, this report examines frameworks for mobilising urban climate finance. It introduces a conceptual framework based on country, city, and climate-specific elements. Findings highlight that cities generate 70% of global emissions and require urgent investment through improved planning, fiscal systems, and carbon pricing.
Research
21 June 2021

Guidelines on Member States' adaptation strategies and plans

European Commission
1. Identify document purpose. 2. Highlight key implementation steps. 3. Note new policy areas. 4. Verify UK English and word count. These guidelines assist EU Member States in updating climate adaptation strategies and plans. Aligned with the European Climate Law, the report outlines processes for risk assessment, stakeholder engagement, and implementation. It also introduces critical policy areas, including just resilience, nature-based solutions, and climate stress testing.
Research
11 July 2023

Synergies between Biodiversity and Climate Policy

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
A resource from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) exploring policy alignment between biodiversity and climate change frameworks. It provides insights into Nature-based Solutions and integrated environmental governance.
Resource hub
9 December 2022

Interactive: What China’s ‘five-year plans’ say about climate and energy

Carbon Brief
This interactive tracker by Carbon Brief analyses China’s 15th five-year plans, identifying key climate and energy targets. It provides a searchable database of national and sectoral policies, including specific targets for carbon intensity, renewable energy capacity, and fossil fuel consumption through 2030.
Online tool/database
24 September 2026

Financing battery energy storage systems in Indonesia

International Energy Agency (IEA)
This report analyses financing requirements for 9.6 GW of battery energy storage in Indonesia’s RUPTL 2025-2034. Total investment needs reach USD 5 billion. It evaluates business models and the role of concessional funding in bridging bankability gaps for standalone and hybrid projects across various island systems.
Research
21 September 2026

Modernising grids in the Age of Electricity: Scaling digital technologies and AI for better use of existing networks

International Energy Agency (IEA)
This IEA report examines modernising electricity grids using digital technologies and AI. It estimates that grid-enhancing technologies could unlock 330 GW of capacity, saving USD 100 billion in investment. Success requires reforming regulatory frameworks, improving data foundations, and addressing critical skills shortages to optimise networks for the energy transition.
Research
21 September 2026

ERA5 Global Climate Data

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
ERA5 is the fifth-generation global climate reanalysis tool from the Copernicus Climate Change Service, providing hourly estimates of atmospheric, terrestrial, and oceanic variables from 1940 to the present.
Online tool/database
17 January 2019

Forging ahead: A 2026 assessment of investor climate action across North America

Ceres
This 2026 assessment of 50 large North American investors reveals that most are prioritising climate risk management and clean economy opportunities despite shifting regulations. Findings show 74% assess portfolio risks and allocate capital to climate solutions, though only 22% have disclosed explicit, measurable targets for increasing these investments.
Research
15 September 2026

Stop in the name of law: How litigation is challenging offsetting claims

Carbon Market Watch
This report analyses the rising legal and regulatory scrutiny of corporate carbon offsetting claims. It examines landmark cases in Europe, Australia, and the US, highlighting a global shift towards banning misleading 'net-zero' labels. The findings underscore the necessity for companies to prioritise genuine in-house emissions reductions over carbon credits.
Research
27 August 2026

Trends in climate risk reporting: Lessons from initial voluntary corporate reports under California’s SB 261

Ceres
This research analyses 154 voluntary corporate climate risk reports submitted under California’s SB 261. It identifies early trends in governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics. Findings highlight that while risk awareness is widespread, gaps remain in financial quantification, quantitative scenario analysis, and the development of formal transition plans.
Research
1 September 2026

A heat circuit breaker for the UK: Preparing for a hotter future: A framing report

This report by the National Heat Risk Commission examines the UK’s lack of preparedness for extreme heat following the summer of 2026. It highlights systemic risks, detailing over £4.4 billion in economic costs and 2,877 deaths, while proposing ten key recommendations to strengthen national heat governance and resilience.
Research
1 September 2026

Adaptation Insights 02: Investing in nature: Pathways to scale investments in nature-based solutions for climate adaptation

Environmental Change Institute (ECI), University of Oxford
This report examines pathways to scale nature-based solutions for climate adaptation, highlighting their superior benefit-cost ratios compared to traditional infrastructure. It identifies strategies to mobilise private capital, utilise standardised valuation metrics, and leverage carbon markets to support long-term maintenance and resilience across vulnerable regions, particularly in Africa.
Research
1 June 2025

Indian states’ electricity transition (SET) 2026

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report evaluates 21 Indian states across decarbonisation, power ecosystem readiness, and market enablers. It identifies regional leaders like Karnataka and Delhi while highlighting structural gaps. Recommendations focus on strengthening distribution company finances, implementing smart metering, and scaling energy storage to support India's target of 500 gigawatts of non-fossil capacity.
Research
23 February 2026
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