Library | ESG issues
Climate Change
Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.
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ICMA's guidance handbooks series
This guidance series provides a comprehensive set of questions and answers regarding the application of the Green Bond Principles, Social Bond Principles, Sustainability Bond Guidelines, and Sustainability-Linked Bond Principles. It serves as a benchmark series for the sustainable bond market, promoting transparency and standardisation across various financial debt instruments.
Corporate Health Check 2026: The annual state of Earth-positive business action
The CDP 2026 Corporate Health Check, produced with Oliver Wyman, demonstrates that environmental leadership aligns with financial performance. While a 15% leadership cohort achieves 4% annual emission reductions, a major gap persists in adaptation finance. The report identifies four key levers for building resilience and capturing emerging commercial opportunities.
Mainstreaming just transition finance: Lessons from emerging best practice
This report examines the integration of just transition principles into private finance. It highlights structural barriers, including the lack of robust business cases and quantifiable evidence. Recommendations include embedding just transition into existing regulatory frameworks, strengthening the evidence base for commercial benefits, and aligning private incentives with national commitments.
Assessing climate finance quality in practice: Lessons from six cases
This research report analyses six case studies to determine what constitutes high-quality public climate finance. It introduces a two-pronged framework assessing design, delivery, and results. Findings emphasise context-specific calibration, the importance of building enabling environments, and identifying data gaps that hinder systematic reporting across public climate finance providers.
Gaining ground: State of private investment in nature 2026
This report analyses the growth of private investment in nature between 2016 and 2025, documenting a fivefold increase in annual capital deployment to $14 billion. It highlights the shift towards institutional-grade natural capital and recommends clearer policy drivers and standardised metrics to unlock investment and bridge the $700 billion finance gap.
The price and distributional impact of flood risk disclosure: Evidence from US housing platforms
This research quantifies the impact of property-level flood risk disclosure on US housing prices and demographics. Homes labelled with 'extreme' risk saw a 3.3% price discount. Disclosure caused significant resorting, with lower-income, older, and FHA-financed buyers increasingly purchasing high-risk properties primarily due to reduced transaction prices.
Global Innovation Lab for Climate Finance: Portfolio
The Global Innovation Lab for Climate Finance Portfolio is a database of vetted financial instruments designed to mobilise private capital for climate action. It provides finance professionals with access to innovative blended finance models, case studies, and sector-specific investment structures.
Global Climate Finance Architecture
Climate Funds Update tracks the complex global climate finance architecture, monitoring multilateral, bilateral, and regional funds. It provides critical insights into how international capital is channelled toward climate action in developing nations, supporting ESG analysis and investment context.
2026 IEA Energy Prices Database
The 2026 IEA Energy Prices Database provides comprehensive global data on energy prices, investment trends, and capital flows. It supports finance professionals in assessing market volatility, conducting risk analysis, and evaluating energy sector investments.
Asset-level physical climate risk register template
The Asset-level physical climate risk register template, developed by the Investor Group on Climate Change (IGCC), enables consistent documentation of climate hazard assessments. It helps investors and managers track risks such as floods and wildfires at the individual asset level to support financial reporting and resilience planning.
IEA's interactive data explorer
The IEA's Interactive data explorer provides access to visualisations and databases covering 640 energy technology designs and global climate commitments. It assists finance professionals in tracking energy transitions and regional net zero outlooks.
Assessing the quality of adaptation finance tool
A CPI decision-support tool for public finance providers to assess adaptation finance quality across project, market, and system levels.
Financial Innovation Knowledge Platform
CPI's platform offering practical tools, research, and guidance for public and private actors developing and investing in climate finance vehicles.
Intentional Endowments Network (IEN)
IEN is a peer-learning network supporting endowments and foundations to integrate climate and social inequality considerations into investment strategies.
Fair Finance Ghana ESG policy assessment report
This report assesses ESG policies across five Ghanaian banks using international benchmarks. Results show low sustainability integration, particularly regarding climate change and transparency. It recommends adopting global frameworks, extending ESG accountability to lending portfolios, and improving standardised reporting to align the sector with international best practice.
Corporate diversification and corporate carbon performance
This research examines how corporate diversification and cash flow coinsurance reduce carbon intensity in Japanese firms. It finds that industrial diversification alleviates financing constraints, enabling substantial decarbonisation investments. The effect is most significant in carbon-intensive industries and for Scope 1 emissions following the Paris Agreement.
