Library | ESG issues
Climate Change
Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.
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A network on nature in transition planning: A concept brief to enable and scale implementation
This concept brief proposes a new network to embed nature into transition planning. Highlighting that over $58 trillion of GDP depends on nature, it outlines a collaborative model to build evidence, enable implementation, and shape policy. The network aims to accelerate credible, nature-positive, and climate-resilient economic transitions.
AI Tailwinds, Energy Headwinds
This benchmark series examines economic growth and development across the East Asia and Pacific region. It explores the impact of artificial intelligence on industrial sectors and supply chains, alongside the challenges posed by energy costs and environmental factors for small states and emerging market economies.
Climate Shift Index: Ocean
The Climate Shift Index: Ocean is an interactive global map by Climate Central that quantifies the influence of climate change on daily sea surface temperatures, assisting in the assessment of marine-related physical risks.
Adaptation Inventory
The Adaptation Inventory is a global repository of evidence-based climate resilience policies and programmes developed by the Climate Impact Lab to support scalable adaptation solutions.
Can investor coalitions drive corporate climate action?
This research evaluates Climate Action 100+’s impact on corporate climate action using a Difference-in-Differences analysis. It finds no evidence of improved disclosure or historical emission reductions. While the coalition influenced long-term targets for specific companies, the absence of short-term milestones suggests potential decarbonisation backloading and greenwashing risks.
Who pays for climate breakdown? Banks, financed emissions, and the road to climate accountability
This research examines the legal principles for holding banks accountable for climate breakdown. It evaluates shifting causation standards from 'but-for' to 'material contribution', explores quantification methodologies like PCAF, and analyses strategic litigation. The report highlights banks' transition from passive intermediaries to active contributors responsible for financing global emissions.
Renewables, electrification and flexibility: For a competitive EU energy system transformation by 2030
This European Environment Agency report outlines the transformation required to achieve a sustainable EU energy system by 2030. It prioritises renewables-based electrification, flexibility, and energy efficiency across electricity, heating, and transport subsystems to enhance competitiveness, security, and progress towards 2050 climate neutrality goals.
Climate risks are economic risks: Adaptation outcomes for Financial Institutions
A resource from Climate Policy Initiative designed to help financial institutions track progress and assess the quality of adaptation and resilience finance while managing physical climate risks.
Climate Risk Management Toolkit for Financial Institutions
Developed by British International Investment, this toolkit helps financial institutions in emerging markets embed climate risk management into governance, lending, and portfolio monitoring in alignment with TCFD standards.
Climate Change Indicators Dashboard
A real-time global dashboard from Climate Central providing data visualisations on key climate indicators, attribution science, and extreme weather impacts to help professionals assess environmental risks and infrastructure vulnerability.
Still Banking on Coal
Still Banking on Coal is a dataset by Urgewald that tracks global bank financing for the thermal coal industry. It provides transparency on loans and underwriting from over 740 banks, highlighting the gap between climate commitments and actual financial flows.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory: Agriculture Sector Emissions
A US EPA resource providing detailed data on greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, including livestock, manure, and soil management trends since 1990.
Yale Climate Opinion Maps
An interactive mapping tool providing high-resolution data on climate change beliefs and policy support across the United States. It helps professionals assess regional sentiment and social license for climate-related investments.
Adaptation Toolbox
The Adaptation Toolbox, developed by The Adaptation Exchange, provides three free tools to help companies assess climate preparedness, quantify the financial business case for adaptation, and discover technical resilience solutions for physical climate risks.
Voluntary Corporate Climate Targets in a Patchwork Policy Landscape
The Salata Institute Corporate Climate Targets Database tracks voluntary emission commitments from Russell 3000 firms (2000-2024), documenting how corporate goals interact with public policy.
U.S. Drought Monitor
A weekly tool monitoring drought location and severity across the U.S., produced by the NDMC, USDA, and NOAA. It offers essential data for assessing agricultural risk and water stress.
