Library | ESG issues
Energy Solutions & Decarbonisation
Energy solutions and decarbonisation refer to strategies and technologies that reduce carbon emissions while ensuring reliable and sustainable energy supply. This includes renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower, energy efficiency measures, electrification, carbon capture, and clean energy innovations. Decarbonisation is essential for mitigating climate change, enhancing energy security, and transitioning industries toward low-carbon operations.
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Turning climate strategy into action: How telecom leaders can build the business case for carbon reduction measures
This GSMA handbook provides telecommunications practitioners with frameworks to develop robust business cases for carbon reduction initiatives. It covers feasibility screening, financial appraisal through cash flow analysis, and scenario building to account for climate risks. The report also details methods for incorporating non-financial strategic benefits into investment decisions.
Australia’s iron ore sector at a crossroads – Business as usual or time to embrace green iron?
Australia’s iron ore sector faces headwinds as Chinese demand declines and competition from projects like Simandou rises. With export revenues forecast to fall, the report identifies a AU$300 billion green iron opportunity. Australia must pivot to high-grade ores and hydrogen-based ironmaking to maintain long-term market prosperity.
Bridging the gap: NDCs 3.0, National Transition Plans and Climate Investment Prospectuses
This report proposes Climate Investment Prospectuses to connect Nationally Determined Contributions 3.0 with private capital. It explains how National Transition Plans and standardised documentation can bridge communication gaps, identify investable pipelines, and mobilise transition finance at scale, particularly for emerging markets and developing economies.
Make it here: Building Australia’s clean industrial future
This report outlines Australia’s potential to generate $215 billion by 2035 by manufacturing clean technologies onshore. By leveraging mineral wealth and establishing Renewable Energy Industrial Precincts, Australia can shift from exporting raw materials to producing high-value batteries, wind turbines, and electric vehicles, creating 53,000 regional jobs.
Global electricity review 2026
Ember’s 2026 Global Electricity Review reveals that solar power met 75% of global demand growth in 2025, halting fossil generation rise. Renewables reached 33.8% of the mix, overtaking coal for the first time. The report highlights falling battery costs and the decoupling of demand growth from fossil fuel consumption.
Large carbon dioxide emissions avoidance potential in improved commercial air transport efficiency
This study analyses 2023 flight data to evaluate aviation carbon efficiency. Findings suggest that operating routes at demonstrated optima could reduce emissions by 10.7%. Significant reductions are achievable through efficient aircraft models, all-economy layouts, and 95% load factors, offering a robust pathway for decarbonisation without limiting transport capacity.
E-fuels in cars - Unaffordable for drivers: An analytical assessment of the cost of e-petrol in Europe
This briefing evaluates the economic feasibility of e-petrol for passenger vehicles in Europe. It finds that e-petrol will cost approximately four times more than fossil fuels by 2030, making it unaffordable for most drivers compared to battery-electric alternatives. The report recommends prioritising e-fuels for aviation and shipping instead.
Rethinking Germany’s hydrogen-led transition: Demand shortfalls, infrastructure risk and the public cost of overbuilding
This IEEFA report warns that Germany's overoptimistic hydrogen demand projections risk creating a €45 billion fiscal liability. Building oversized infrastructure ahead of demand shifts costs to taxpayers via the amortisation account. It recommends prioritising liquid derivative imports and gating pipeline expansion to verified industrial demand to protect long-term competitiveness.
Renewable energy financing landscape in India: The journey so far and the need of the hour
This report examines India's renewable energy financing landscape, detailing the transition from non-banking financial companies to commercial banks and international bond markets. It analyses falling solar tariffs, historical funding barriers, and emerging opportunities in energy storage and rooftop solar necessary to achieve India's 2070 net-zero mandate.
Economic and social survey of Asia and the Pacific 2026: Socioeconomic prosperity amid the transition to an environmentally sustainable economy
Asia-Pacific developing economies grew 4.6% in 2025, with growth projected to slow to 4.0% in 2026. This report outlines a three-step framework to align energy transitions with socioeconomic prosperity, leveraging fiscal policy, political economy insights, and behavioural science nudges to ensure long-term regional stability.
India insights: Sustainable debt investor survey 2026
This survey of 60 investors highlights the evolution of India's sustainable debt market, which surpassed USD60bn in issuances by late 2025. It identifies a shift towards climate opportunities, the necessity of a national taxonomy, and recommendations for regulators to implement minimum climate allocation thresholds to mobilise domestic capital.
Unlocking the missing middle: commercial and industrial distributed energy resources in Australia
This report examines the 'missing middle' segment of Australia’s commercial and industrial energy sector. It identifies critical regulatory, connection, and financial barriers hindering distributed energy resource deployment. Key recommendations include standardising connection processes, reforming network tariffs, and establishing a credible certificate price signal to incentivise investment.
Warp speed: Accelerating renewable energy infrastructure deployment
This report outlines a strategy for accelerating Australia’s renewable energy infrastructure. It identifies critical bottlenecks in the workforce, planning approvals, capital allocation, and supply chains. Proposing a ‘warp speed’ mandate, the document provides 24 recommendations to achieve the rapid generation, transmission, and storage expansion required for 2035 targets.
Homework in climate economics: Household production, environmental preferences, and climate policy
This research analyses household energy use and climate policy, identifying residential solar as a cornerstone for cost-effective abatement. It finds that environmental preferences significantly lower baseline emissions, while income-targeted subsidies provide minimal fiscal savings. The study emphasises the vital complementarity between solar and electricity-intensive equipment like electric vehicles.
Electrification across the steel value chain
This report examines electrification as a critical pathway for decarbonising the steel industry. It evaluates technologies for process heat, iron ore reduction and downstream operations. Highlighting energy security and flexibility benefits, the analysis advocates for policy support and investment to transition from fossil fuels to clean electricity.
Crude awakening: How Australia ranks on fuel security
Australia is highly vulnerable to global oil shocks as the world's largest seaborne diesel importer. This report details how the 2026 energy crisis cost motorists $5 billion. It advocates for rapid electrification of transport and mining to replace volatile imported fuels with secure, domestic renewable energy.
