Library | ESG issues
Environmental
The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.
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Ceres' food emissions 50 company benchmark
The Food Emissions 50 Company Benchmark evaluates major North American food companies on greenhouse gas emissions disclosures, reduction targets, and climate transition plans. It highlights progress in reporting scope 3 emissions and setting science-based targets, while identifying areas needing improvement, such as aligning growth strategies with emissions goals.
Risky business: How Australian financial institutions are managing nature-related risks and opportunities
This report assesses how ten banks and ten super funds in Australia are addressing nature-related risks and opportunities. It evaluates their strategies, risk management, target setting, and stakeholder engagement, highlighting areas of progress and identifying where further action is needed to mitigate financial risks associated with nature loss.
Financing Africa's low carbon green economy transition: Africa's climate finance needs
This report outlines how African states must spend at least US$2.5tn by 2030 to meet climate commitments. It shows that emission reduction makes up close to 80% of spending, with plans for adaptation to climate change costed at US$418 billion.
Climate change litigation databases
The Climate Change Litigation Database is an online tool providing access to a comprehensive collection of global climate change litigation cases. It is designed to support legal and finance professionals by offering detailed information and insights into climate-related legal actions and decisions worldwide.
Climate risk and adaptation in global food
The report outlines rising climate risks to global food supply chains, projecting up to $38 trillion in damages by 2050. It explores mitigation and adaptation strategies across crops, livestock, and fisheries, and highlights investor actions to build resilience, support sustainable practices, and adapt to shifting market, environmental, and regulatory conditions.
Reconsidering the macroeconomic damage of severe warming
This study finds that accounting for global weather conditions significantly increases projected macroeconomic damage from climate change. Global GDP losses by 2100 may rise from ~11% to ~40% under high emissions. Incorporating global effects also reduces the optimal warming threshold from 2.7°C to 1.7°C, aligning with Paris Agreement targets.
Fossil to Clean — business action checklists
The Fossil to Clean Business Action Checklists provide sector-specific guidance for companies to transition from fossil fuels to clean energy. Developed by the We Mean Business Coalition, the tool outlines key actions aligned with science-based targets and global climate goals. It supports practical implementation of climate commitments.
AIGCC's the state of investor climate transition in Asia
This benchmark series tracks the progress of institutional investors across Asia in integrating climate considerations into governance, investment, engagement, disclosure and policy advocacy. It provides a consistent and structured assessment framework to evaluate investor alignment with net zero pathways and climate-related financial risks and opportunities.
IGCC's state of net zero investment series
The Investor Group on Climate Change (IGCC) annual State of Net Zero report series is Australia’s most comprehensive analysis of institutional investors’ net zero investment practices. This benchmark series is based on survey responses from firms managing trillions of dollars on behalf of Australian and New Zealand beneficiaries.
CA100+ net zero benchmark
Climate Action 100+ focuses on 169 companies crucial to the global net-zero emissions transition. The tool provides assessments of these companies' alignment with climate goals, aiding investors in evaluating climate-related financial risks and opportunities.
Addressing biodiversity risk and opportunity at PensionDanmark
PensionDanmark developed a biodiversity strategy targeting its real estate and infrastructure assets to mitigate nature loss. It employs data-led initiatives, stakeholder engagement, and nature-based solutions to protect and restore biodiversity, aligning with EU taxonomy and Science Based Targets for Nature. Implementation includes construction screening, sustainable sourcing, and performance monitoring.
Landing the economic case for climate action with decision makers
The report outlines strategies to better communicate the economic rationale for climate action to decision makers. It examines barriers, including limited capacity and political constraints, and recommends clearer economic framing, stronger narratives, and alignment with national development goals to drive engagement and support for climate policies.
Investing in a pollution free ocean
The report explores how ocean pollution poses financial, legal and reputational risks to businesses, particularly land-based sectors. It identifies data gaps as a barrier to effective decision-making and highlights opportunities in green chemistry, data innovation and sustainable finance. It recommends integrating ocean health into corporate and financial strategies.
Back to Blue
Back to Blue Initiative is a joint project by Economist Impact and the Nippon Foundation addressing ocean pollution. It focuses on data-driven solutions for plastic and chemical pollution in marine environments. The initiative offers research, policy insights and advocacy to support sustainable ocean health and inform global environmental decision-making.
International Council on Mining and Metals
The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) is a global leadership organisation dedicated to enhancing the mining and metals industry's contribution to sustainable development. ICMM brings together a third of the global industry, promoting ethical business practices, environmental stewardship, and social responsibility. Members commit to stringent Mining Principles, aiming for a safe, just, and sustainable world enabled by responsibly produced minerals and metals.
The nature-based solutions map
This tool is designed to help businesses identify relevant nature-based solutions (NbS) for addressing challenges related to core business operations, climate, nature, water, and social equity. It categorises NbS based on business needs and biomes, facilitating decision-making. The map serves as a starting point, requiring further development for implementation.