Library | ESG issues

Environmental

The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.

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1723 results
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Metals-as-a-Service: A strategic and investable circular business model for the wind energy industry and beyond

Carbon Trust
Metals-as-a-Service (MaaS) proposes a circular business model for the wind energy sector and beyond, in which metal ownership is retained by a Special Purpose Vehicle throughout the asset lifecycle. The model converts metal procurement from capital expenditure into a service-based structure, enabling securitisation, improved supply security, and circular value creation.
Research
11 May 2026

Nature-based solutions for a sustainable critical minerals value chain

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This report examines how nature-based solutions (NbS) can be integrated into critical minerals mining. Drawing on case study research and expert events at Climate Week NYC and COP30, it identifies six resilience-building NbS categories and highlights the need for systems-based planning, community collaboration, and improved financing mechanisms.
Research
29 April 2026

Airports and aviation emissions: The Airport Tracker as a tool for data-driven advocacy

ODI Global
This policy brief presents findings from the third update to the Airport Tracker, a global inventory covering the world's 1,300 busiest airports. Using 2023 data, it analyses CO₂ and local air pollution from passenger, freight and private jet flights, finding that aviation remains off track to meet net-zero goals.
Research
1 April 2026

The differential impacts of critical mineral prices and oil prices on the economy

MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEPR)
This paper uses a neoclassical open-economy growth model to compare the macroeconomic impacts of critical mineral and oil price shocks. Oil price increases are found to be more contractionary for output and welfare, while mineral price shocks primarily affect investment and external balance sheets, warranting macroprudential and fiscal policy responses.
Research
29 January 2026

How to use consensus state of nature metrics to understand business dependencies on ecosystem services

The Biodiversity Consultancy
This briefing note explains how businesses and financial institutions can configure the NPI consensus State of Nature metrics to understand their dependencies on ecosystem services. It outlines a four-step practical process, identifies where the metrics provide strong insight, and highlights where complementary indicators are needed.
Research
2 June 2026

Making water use in global trade more sustainable: The challenge to improve supply-chain resilience and water security in the context of geopolitical change

Chatham House
This Chatham House paper examines how global supply chains drive unsustainable water use and water insecurity, particularly in the Global South. It explores 'virtual water' trade dynamics, the impact of geopolitical fragmentation on cooperative water governance, and presents 10 recommendations for governments, corporations, financial institutions and civil society.
Research
14 May 2026

Climate change and cruelty: Revealing the true impact of factory farming

World Animal Protection
This World Animal Protection report examines the climate and environmental impacts of factory farming in Brazil, China, the USA and the Netherlands. It models scenarios for reduced meat consumption and higher welfare production, finding that eating less and better could halve the climate impacts of chicken and pork by 2040.
Research
29 August 2022

Leading the charge: Turning risk into reward with a circular economy for EV batteries and critical minerals

Ellen MacArthur Foundation
This report by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation examines systemic risks in the EV battery value chain and sets out a circular economy framework, identifying five bright spots — battery design, rightsizing, circular business models, regional infrastructure, and data transparency — to build resilience and reduce critical mineral demand.
Research
4 March 2026

Don't mess with the ETS: Priorities for the upcoming EU emissions trading system revision

Carbon Market Watch
Carbon Market Watch presents a 10-point plan for improving the EU Emissions Trading System ahead of its upcoming revision. The report argues against weakening the cap, free allocation phase-out, or the Market Stability Reserve, and calls for expanded coverage of aviation, shipping, and biomass, alongside eliminating fossil fuel subsidies from ETS revenues.
Research
10 May 2026

IEA Methane Tracker Data Tool

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The IEA Methane Tracker Data Tool provides interactive, country-level methane emissions data and enhanced policy tracking across the energy sector.
Online tool/database

The G7 Net Zero Temperature Check

The British Standards Institution (BSI)
BSI's G7 Net Zero Temperature Check benchmarks corporate net zero progress across G7 nations, surveying over 7,000 business leaders on climate strategy and commitments.
Online tool/database

The Clean Investment Monitor

Rhodium Group
Tracks global investment in clean energy and decarbonisation technologies using facility-level data, covering the US, China, and all countries worldwide.
Online tool/database

SME Climate Hub

We Mean Business
Free platform helping SMEs measure emissions, build climate action plans, and report progress toward net zero by 2050.
Online tool/database

PowerPulse: India Corporate Dashboard

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
An IEEFA dashboard assessing the financial, operational, and energy transition progress of listed power sector companies in India every quarter.
Online tool/database

Trump climate endangerment stories

Environmental Defense Fund
This interactive mapping tool from the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) combines climate data and community stories to show how climate change is affecting temperatures, water resources, disaster losses, insurance costs and public health across the United States. It also illustrates the projected impacts of changes to federal climate pollution regulations.
Online tool/database

What a waste 3.0: Global snapshot of solid waste management toward circularity until 2050

The World Bank
What a Waste 3.0 provides a global assessment of municipal solid waste management across 217 countries and economies. It analyses waste generation, collection, treatment, recycling, financing, employment, climate impacts and circularity pathways to 2050, highlighting rising waste volumes, infrastructure investment needs, resource recovery opportunities and policy frameworks for sustainable waste systems.
Research
19 March 2026
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