Library | ESG issues
Environmental
The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.
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Colorado School of Mines
Colorado School of Mines is a public research university in Golden, Colorado specialising in engineering, applied science and technology. Founded in 1874, it delivers undergraduate and graduate programmes focused on energy, earth sciences and sustainability, and conducts industry-connected research addressing global challenges in resources, environment and advanced engineering fields worldwide.
Innovation in plastics: The potential and possibilities
This report examines plastic use and waste management, particularly in India, outlining environmental impacts and the need for circular solutions. It reviews bioplastics, packaging redesign, innovation and start-up activity, and proposes policy, business and entrepreneurial opportunities to advance plastics circularity and reduce single-use plastics.
Marico Innovation Foundation
Marico Innovation Foundation (MIF) is a philanthropic organisation that supports impact-driven innovation and entrepreneurship in India. It works with startups, innovators and ecosystem partners to scale solutions in areas such as climate adaptation, plastic waste management, clean technology and agriculture technology, aiming to create large-scale social, environmental and economic impact.
All Will Rise: A narrative courtroom deck-builder
All Will Rise is a narrative courtroom deck-building video game funded via Kickstarter. Players lead a team investigating environmental harm and build arguments through card-based mechanics to prosecute a powerful corporation for destroying a river, combining investigation, strategy and storytelling in a political crime-thriller setting.
A climate-aligned financial system: Leverage points for transformation
This study models the financial system’s role in climate transition using participatory system dynamics with Dutch financial actors. It identifies reinforcing feedbacks like learning, technological lock-in, finance culture and passive investment and proposes seventeen policy and institutional interventions to redirect capital towards sustainable assets and align finance with Paris Agreement goals.
Quality matters: Transforming ESG data for better decision-making
Examines weaknesses in ESG data quality affecting investment and corporate analysis, including inconsistent company reporting, provider extraction errors and structural gaps such as absent repositories. Recommends stronger reporting standards, XBRL tagging, assurance and improved collaboration among companies, regulators and data providers to produce reliable ESG data for financial decision-making.
Scaling up green investment in the global south: Strengthening domestic financial resource mobilisation and attracting patient international capital
This report examines why capital flows ‘uphill’ from emerging and developing economies and argues that scaling green investment requires stronger domestic financial resource mobilisation. It recommends developing local currency bond markets, empowering national development banks, reforming multilateral development banks, and establishing a climate finance facility to attract patient international capital.
Sustainable Finance Roundup February 2026: Disclosure, Carbon Trade, and Transition Economics
This month’s sustainability roundup traces a rapidly evolving landscape in climate governance and industrial transition, highlighting the convergence of ISSB-aligned disclosure standards and emerging carbon trade measures alongside shifting cost curves in transport and critical minerals. It underscores how tighter emissions accounting and border policies are embedding carbon competitiveness into capital allocation, while advances in electrification, AI-driven power demand and expanding legal accountability are integrating climate and nature risk into mainstream financial decision-making.
From bonds to blended Finance: How a diverse range of financial instruments are financing climate adaptation and resilience
Analyses 162 cases (2015–2025) of 11 financial instruments financing climate adaptation. Finds blended finance most prevalent, with instruments mainly supporting ex-ante risk reduction. Adaptation finance is largely pooled and increasingly multicountry. Use varies by income level, highlighting growing innovation to mobilise capital for resilience.
Understanding climate finance for resilient infrastructure
This expert guide outlines the rationale, tools and barriers for mobilising climate finance to deliver resilient infrastructure. It examines adaptation and mitigation finance, funding gaps, economic benefits, and stakeholder roles, supported by case studies demonstrating blended finance, insurance and public–private approaches in developing and developed contexts.
The economics of water scarcity
This BIS working paper analyses water scarcity’s macroeconomic effects using panel data for 169 countries (1990–2020). It finds higher water stress is associated with lower GDP and investment growth and higher inflation. The paper discusses sectoral impacts, pricing, infrastructure and climate scenarios, highlighting implications for economic policy and central banks.
Restoring human progress: Winning citizens’ support for actions on climate and nature
This report argues that despite widespread concern about climate and nature, durable policy support depends on restoring belief in human progress. Drawing on surveys and literature, it proposes three principles: deliver meaningful sectoral gains, play to national strengths, and make progress visible to build optimism, agency and sustained public backing.
Ecological design thinking for a circular economy: The impact of the forest metaphor for circular business
Evaluates a forest-metaphor learning tool for circular economy education through comparative workshops in 2023 and 2025. Survey results show the tool deepened understanding, generated more concrete insights and increased productive tension with existing business models, supporting conceptual change and more fruitful engagement with circular business thinking.
Recalibrating climate risk: Aligning damage functions with scientific understanding
This report argues climate damage functions systematically underestimate risks by relying on smooth, GDP-centred models. Drawing on expert elicitation, it highlights nonlinear, cascading and tail risks, tipping points, and limits to growth. It recommends recalibrating modelling and financial supervision towards precaution, systemic resilience and transparent uncertainty.
Aurora Trust
Aurora Trust is a UK-based grant-making charity focused on climate change mitigation, environmental conservation and sustainable development. Part of the Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts, it funds programmes in nature connection, sustainable farming, stopping deforestation and energy efficiency to support efforts aligned with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 °C goal.
OpenFEMA National Risk Index Data
The OpenFEMA National Risk Index Data is a dataset that shows which United States communities are most at risk from 18 natural hazards, using measures of expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience. Data are available for counties and Census tracts and can be downloaded for analysis.