This BIS working paper analyses water scarcity’s macroeconomic effects using panel data for 169 countries (1990–2020). It finds higher water stress is associated with lower GDP and investment growth and higher inflation. The paper discusses sectoral impacts, pricing, infrastructure and climate scenarios, highlighting implications for economic policy and central banks.

This report argues that despite widespread concern about climate and nature, durable policy support depends on restoring belief in human progress. Drawing on surveys and literature, it proposes three principles: deliver meaningful sectoral gains, play to national strengths, and make progress visible to build optimism, agency and sustained public backing.

Evaluates a forest-metaphor learning tool for circular economy education through comparative workshops in 2023 and 2025. Survey results show the tool deepened understanding, generated more concrete insights and increased productive tension with existing business models, supporting conceptual change and more fruitful engagement with circular business thinking.

This report argues climate damage functions systematically underestimate risks by relying on smooth, GDP-centred models. Drawing on expert elicitation, it highlights nonlinear, cascading and tail risks, tipping points, and limits to growth. It recommends recalibrating modelling and financial supervision towards precaution, systemic resilience and transparent uncertainty.

Aurora Trust is a UK-based grant-making charity focused on climate change mitigation, environmental conservation and sustainable development. Part of the Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts, it funds programmes in nature connection, sustainable farming, stopping deforestation and energy efficiency to support efforts aligned with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 °C goal.

The OpenFEMA National Risk Index Data is a dataset that shows which United States communities are most at risk from 18 natural hazards, using measures of expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience. Data are available for counties and Census tracts and can be downloaded for analysis.

The Climate Finance Vulnerability Index (CliF-VI) is a data-driven global tool that assesses nations’ climate risk alongside their financial capacity to respond, helping guide adaptation financing. It combines climate, financial and governance indicators in an interactive dashboard to inform equitable allocation of climate adaptation funds.

The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a World Bank-managed, multi-donor partnership that provides grants, technical assistance and tools to help low- and middle-income countries understand, manage and reduce disaster and climate risks. It supports resilience planning, risk analytics and disaster risk management integration into development.

The SENSES Toolkit is an interactive online platform offering modules to learn about, visualise and explore climate change scenarios. It supports decision-makers in understanding scenario approaches, climate impacts, mitigation and adaptation pathways, with practical guidelines for policy, finance and regional users.

Wageningen University & Research (WUR) is a leading Dutch academic institution focused on sustainable food systems, climate change, biodiversity, agriculture and environmental science.

It combines university education with applied and fundamental research to address global challenges in nutrition, health, water and circular bioeconomy. WUR partners with industry and governments worldwide.

The OECD Climate Action Dashboard is an interactive tool showing key indicators of national climate action and progress towards objectives such as net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. It provides comparable, country-level data to track climate mitigation, emissions trends and policy responses.

The article interprets Copernicus’s Global Climate Highlights 2025 as a shift from episodic extremes to a structurally warmer, more volatile baseline. It argues that persistent temperature exceedances, ocean heat, cryosphere decline, and overlapping hazards demand a move from climate risk awareness to disciplined adaptation and continuity planning.

INFORM Climate Change Tool visualises climate-change risk projections, letting users explore future risk, hazard & exposure variables, vulnerability gaps and population changes under different scenarios and time points. It supports analysis of climate impacts on humanitarian and disaster risk via scenario comparison and country profiles.

Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (CMRA) is a portal that helps users assess local exposure to climate-related hazards using federal data, enabling analysis of past, present and projected climate conditions to support risk assessments and resilience planning.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a US government science agency focused on understanding and predicting changes in climate, weather, oceans and coasts. It provides environmental data, severe weather forecasting, climate monitoring and marine ecosystem management to support public safety, commerce and research.

Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) on ipr.transitionmonitor.com is a climate policy data and forecast platform that tracks global policy developments, scenarios and variables to help investors assess climate transition risk and alignment of portfolios with likely policy outcomes. It is supported by PRI and research partners.

Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) Transition Monitor is an online climate policy data platform tracking expected government climate actions by country and sector. It helps investors assess transition risk, forecast policy impacts and align portfolios with likely policy pathways to net-zero, based on expert forecasts and quarterly updates.