Library | ESG issues

Environmental

The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.

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Landing the economic case for climate action with decision makers

Boston Consulting Group
The report outlines strategies to better communicate the economic rationale for climate action to decision makers. It examines barriers, including limited capacity and political constraints, and recommends clearer economic framing, stronger narratives, and alignment with national development goals to drive engagement and support for climate policies.
Research
11 March 2025

Investing in a pollution free ocean

Back to Blue
The report explores how ocean pollution poses financial, legal and reputational risks to businesses, particularly land-based sectors. It identifies data gaps as a barrier to effective decision-making and highlights opportunities in green chemistry, data innovation and sustainable finance. It recommends integrating ocean health into corporate and financial strategies.
Research
24 March 2025

Back to Blue

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Back to Blue Initiative is a joint project by Economist Impact and the Nippon Foundation addressing ocean pollution. It focuses on data-driven solutions for plastic and chemical pollution in marine environments. The initiative offers research, policy insights and advocacy to support sustainable ocean health and inform global environmental decision-making.
Organisation
1 research item

International Council on Mining and Metals

Other Industry / Sector Specific Groups & Sponsored Organisations
​The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) is a global leadership organisation dedicated to enhancing the mining and metals industry's contribution to sustainable development. ICMM brings together a third of the global industry, promoting ethical business practices, environmental stewardship, and social responsibility. Members commit to stringent Mining Principles, aiming for a safe, just, and sustainable world enabled by responsibly produced minerals and metals.
Organisation
1 research item

The nature-based solutions map

World Business Council for Sustainable Development
This tool is designed to help businesses identify relevant nature-based solutions (NbS) for addressing challenges related to core business operations, climate, nature, water, and social equity. It categorises NbS based on business needs and biomes, facilitating decision-making. The map serves as a starting point, requiring further development for implementation.
Research
5 June 2024

Accountability Framework

The Accountability Framework guides financial institutions on how to establish policies for responsible lending and investment in the food, agribusiness, and forestry sectors. It also helps financial institutions to screen and engage their clients and portfolios to fulfil these policies. It also assists with assessing environmental and social risk and performance in investment portfolios, and supports company engagement.
Online tool/database
29 February 2024

Assessing nature-related issues of key value chain clients as a Brazilian Asset Manager

Global Canopy
This case study details JGP's participation in piloting the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) LEAP approach. The study focuses on assessing JGP's exposure to tropical deforestation through companies connected to the agriculture sector in its investment portfolio.
Research
19 January 2024

Innovative markets and market-like instruments for ecosystem services

This tool provides investors with a framework for evaluating and comparing different nature-based investment opportunities. It helps identify projects that offer the best combination of financial returns and environmental impact, supporting informed investment decisions.
Online tool/database
24 August 2013

The blended finance playbook for nature-based solutions

Earth Security
This playbook contains a collection of useful case studies for investors, highlighting growing evidence of investment opportunities in nature. The playbook also contains guidance for investors looking to grow their blended finance portfolio.
Research
25 June 2021

Earth Security

Commercial Research Providers
Earth Security partners with companies, investors, and governments to quantify the economic value of ecosystems, promoting investments in nature-based solutions. Their initiatives include developing mangrove-positive investment funds and integrating natural infrastructure for climate resilience.
Organisation
1 research item

Conservation investment blueprint: Cocoa smallholder renovation and rehabilitation (R&R)

This blueprint provides a model for investing in the renovation and rehabilitation of smallholder cocoa farms. It highlights strategies for improving productivity and sustainability in cocoa farming, offering investors opportunities for impact investment with financial returns.
Research
10 January 2019

Environmental Finance's biodiversity insight series

Environmental Finance
This series explores the evolving role of biodiversity in sustainable finance, investment strategies, and regulatory developments. It examines biodiversity risk, natural capital investment, reporting frameworks, and financial instruments supporting conservation efforts. The series provides insights into emerging market mechanisms, data challenges, and the integration of biodiversity considerations into financial decision-making.
Benchmark/series

Channeling private finance into habitat banking schemes in England

This case study outlines the use of hybrid bonds to finance organic dairy farms. It provides investors with insights into sustainable agriculture investments that promote environmental stewardship and offer attractive financial returns.
Research
26 March 2024

Impact investment unlocking equity for scaling the use of agriculture by-products for sustainable livelihoods

This blueprint provides a model for using private finance to develop compensatory habitats through habitat banking. It demonstrates how investors can generate returns while contributing to biodiversity conservation and habitat restoration.
Research
27 March 2024

Investment blueprint: Transforming degraded land into productive forests through blended finance

This case study offers a blueprint for impact investment in sustainable cocoa supply chains. It highlights strategies for improving environmental and social outcomes in cocoa production, providing investors with opportunities to support sustainable agriculture while achieving financial returns.
Research
27 March 2024

Conservation investment blueprint: Forest Resilience Bond developed based on the case study of Blue Forest Conservation

This blueprint provides a model for using blended finance to support agroforestry projects. It illustrates how investors can combine public and private capital to develop sustainable agroforestry practices, achieving both economic and environmental benefits.
Research
10 March 2021
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