Library | ESG issues
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.
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Life Cycle Initiative
Life Cycle Initiative stewards global standards, tools and training for life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle thinking. It supports practitioners, policymakers and industry in applying LCA across plastics, textiles, tourism and construction. The initiative develops data networks, e-learning modules and hotspot analysis frameworks to advance sustainable decision making.
Place-based just transition: Policy baseline and case studies
This report from the Asia Investor Group on Climate Change analyses place-based just transition policies in India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Japan. It outlines market-specific policy baselines, labour and social dynamics, financing needs and case studies, providing investors and policymakers with insights into ensuring equitable low-carbon transitions in Asia.
Environmental hotspots
The Environmental Hotspots tool by UNEP offers an interactive map of high-risk ecological zones worldwide, allowing users to explore environmental pressures across sectors (e.g. ecosystems, resource extraction).
InforMEA
InforMEA is a UN information portal giving central access to multilateral environmental agreements, including treaty texts, COP decisions, national reports, laws and court rulings. It also hosts a glossary, e-learning courses and tools linking MEAs to global goals.
ESA WorldCover
The ESA WorldCover viewer offers an interactive web-map of global land cover at 10 m resolution, enabling overlay of Sentinel-1/2 composites, statistics by region, and download of data tiles, all without software installation.
The European Space Agency (ESA)
European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s intergovernmental organisation dedicated to space exploration, Earth observation, satellite navigation, and technological innovation. ESA collaborates with international partners, coordinates high-profile missions, and supports science, space safety and industry growth across member states.
WorldCover
WorldCover offers free, high-resolution global land cover maps at 10 m resolution for 2020 and 2021, via Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, under Creative Commons license. It supports environmental monitoring, climate research, land-use planning and biodiversity analysis.
Deutsche Rohstoffagentur (DERA)
German Mineral Resources Agency (DERA) is Germany’s national information and consultancy platform on mineral raw materials, hosted within the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR).
DERA analyses global commodity markets, assesses supply-chain risks, and advises industry and government on raw material strategy and sustainable sourcing.
DERA analyses global commodity markets, assesses supply-chain risks, and advises industry and government on raw material strategy and sustainable sourcing.
African chemical observatory
MapX is an open-source, cloud-based geospatial platform for visualising, analysing and managing environmental data. Developed by UNEP/GRID-Geneva, it supports decision-making in biodiversity, climate, land use and disaster risk, through map views, dashboards and storytelling tools.
Interactive country fiches
The Interactive Country Fiches tool offers interactive, updatable environmental profiles for countries, covering eight environmental pillars. It centralises national policies, performance indicators and over 100 up-to-date datasets into a single access point.
Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK)
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) is a German government body responsible for economic policy, industrial strategy, energy transition, digitalisation, and climate action. It develops regulations, promotes innovation, supports businesses, and coordinates international cooperation to strengthen Germany’s economic growth while advancing sustainability and climate neutrality goals.
Climate finance
This report reviews research on climate finance, focusing on how climate risks affect financial markets. It discusses theoretical models and empirical evidence on pricing climate risk in equities, bonds, housing, and mortgages, and explores portfolio strategies for hedging. Future research directions in modelling, measurement, and financial stability are highlighted.
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is a US-based nonpartisan economic research organisation producing working papers, conferences, datasets and publications on macroeconomics, labour markets, health economics and public policy. It supports scholars and policymakers with in-depth empirical research.
Externalities and the common owner
This article analyses how diversified institutional investors use shareholder power to internalise climate-related externalities. It shows that investor activism drives emissions reduction targets, climate risk disclosure, and shifts in corporate lobbying, reframing governance assumptions by prioritising portfolio-wide economic stability over individual firm profit maximisation.
Enel: Industry case studies: Electric utility
This report presents Enel’s case study on implementing CFO Principles for the SDGs. It outlines historical drivers, sustainability disruption, strategic responses, and SDG investments, highlighting decarbonisation, electrification, and financial performance assessment. The report details Enel’s renewable energy expansion, SDG alignment, and integration of sustainability outcomes with financial results.
Presidential address: Sustainable finance and ESG issues: Value versus values
This report examines how investor and manager motivations—driven by either financial value or personal values—shape sustainable finance and ESG practices. It highlights definitional ambiguities, performance debates, and cultural differences, calling for clearer research to distinguish pecuniary risk-return considerations from non-pecuniary preferences in ESG investing.