Library | ESG issues
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.
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Measuring the impact of data centers in the United States economy: Monetary damage from air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions
This NBER working paper quantifies the environmental costs of US data centre electricity use in 2025. Using facility-level data for approximately 2,800 data centres, it estimates gross external damages of $24.6 billion from air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, with Texas and Virginia accounting for 30% of the national total.
DAX-AEX Futureproof Index Report
The DAX-AEX Futureproof Index Report is a benchmark series that ranks DAX and AEX-listed companies using an Integrated Value framework combining financial, social, and ecological value. It produces a Futureproofing Ratio to assess long-term corporate value creation and transition risk across sectors and economies.
Global Project Tracker
MPP's Global Project Tracker maps the global pipeline of commercial-scale, net-zero-aligned clean industrial plants across materials, chemicals and fuels sectors.
Business breakthrough barometer 2026: The annual pulse check from business on the pace of the climate transition
The Business Breakthrough Barometer 2026 surveys over 500 companies on the climate transition, finding 92% expect sustainability to deliver competitive advantage. While investment momentum holds, 68% of leaders see rising risks of a disorderly transition, urging predictable policy strengthening from governments to unlock private capital.
Airports and aviation emissions: The Airport Tracker as a tool for data-driven advocacy
This policy brief presents findings from the third update to the Airport Tracker, a global inventory covering the world's 1,300 busiest airports. Using 2023 data, it analyses CO₂ and local air pollution from passenger, freight and private jet flights, finding that aviation remains off track to meet net-zero goals.
Don't mess with the ETS: Priorities for the upcoming EU emissions trading system revision
Carbon Market Watch presents a 10-point plan for improving the EU Emissions Trading System ahead of its upcoming revision. The report argues against weakening the cap, free allocation phase-out, or the Market Stability Reserve, and calls for expanded coverage of aviation, shipping, and biomass, alongside eliminating fossil fuel subsidies from ETS revenues.
IEA Methane Tracker Data Tool
The IEA Methane Tracker Data Tool provides interactive, country-level methane emissions data and enhanced policy tracking across the energy sector.
The G7 Net Zero Temperature Check
BSI's G7 Net Zero Temperature Check benchmarks corporate net zero progress across G7 nations, surveying over 7,000 business leaders on climate strategy and commitments.
SME Climate Hub
Free platform helping SMEs measure emissions, build climate action plans, and report progress toward net zero by 2050.
Annual snapshot series
This benchmark series provides annual snapshots of the Climate Leaders Coalition, tracking how New Zealand businesses are progressing on climate action. It outlines signatories’ commitments, emissions management, climate risk and resilience efforts, collaboration initiatives, and leadership activities supporting the transition to a low-emissions economy.
A guide to the New Zealand emissions trading scheme: 2026 update: Design, evolution, and current state
This guide outlines the design, evolution, and current state of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme as of March 2026. It covers sectoral coverage, unit supply, price controls, free allocation, forestry, and emissions trends, including recent legislative changes to agricultural obligations and the 2050 biogenic methane target.
Beyond net zero: The rise of transition plans and what they tell investors
This Sustainable Fitch report examines the rise of corporate transition plans, driven by regulatory requirements and investor demand. It reviews six mainstream transition planning frameworks, finding alignment on core principles but variation in detail, and analyses around 40 entities, revealing strong Scope 1 and 2 targets but patchy Scope 3 commitments and limited transition revenue.
DBSA: Financial instrument design for an effective carbon market in South Africa
The Development Bank of Southern Africa details two proposed financial instruments to support the domestic voluntary carbon market: a carbon credit-backed bond and a repurchase facility. These tools aim to mobilise private capital, address early-stage funding shortages, and improve liquidity for carbon reduction projects.
ASCOR Tool
The ASCOR Tool is an investor-led framework for assessing how countries manage the low-carbon transition and the impacts of climate change.
Leaning on uncertainty: Are European countries overrelying on carbon removals to reach climate targets?
This report analyses the climate strategies of six European countries and the European Commission, revealing a risky overreliance on unproven carbon dioxide removal technologies. It highlights fragmented planning, absent feasibility assessments, and policies contradicting scientific advice, warning that current approaches threaten effective climate action.
Climate litigation as a financial risk: Evidence from a global survey of equity investors
This report surveys 811 global equity investors to assess perceptions of climate litigation as a financial risk. It finds that investors view climate lawsuits as financially material, with effects often manifesting early, such as upon media coverage or filing, and affecting both carbon majors and other sectors.