Library | ESG issues
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.
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Miracle crops? Limited potential, serious risks: the environmental case for caution on intermediate and degraded-land biofuel crops in Europe
This T&E report evaluates intermediate and degraded-land crops for EU biofuels. It finds limited domestic supply potential and significant environmental risks, including emissions from fertilisers and land-use change. T&E recommends strict safeguards, a 70% greenhouse gas saving threshold, and prioritising these fuels for the aviation sector only.
Progress report of China’s National Carbon Market (2026)
China’s 2026 carbon market report details the expansion of the National ETS into steel, cement, and aluminium sectors. It highlights record trading volumes, the entry into force of the Ecological and Environmental Code, and the use of AI-driven digital infrastructure to support carbon neutrality goals.
IGCC's state of net zero investment series
This benchmark series provides an analysis of climate-related investment practices among institutional investors. It tracks progress against recognised frameworks, identifies structural barriers to capital deployment, and monitors evolving trends. The series explores how assets are managed in response to climate risk, supporting a transition towards net-zero goals.
Lethal humidity and the systemic risks of climate change
This report examines the systemic threats posed by lethal humidity, where extreme heat and moisture exceed human physiological limits. Focusing on historical cases and Indonesia, it details cascading impacts on health, energy, and agriculture. It calls for urgent emissions reductions and improved global cooling strategies to mitigate escalating climate risks.
Who pays for climate breakdown? Banks, financed emissions, and the road to climate accountability
This research examines the legal principles for holding banks accountable for climate breakdown. It evaluates shifting causation standards from 'but-for' to 'material contribution', explores quantification methodologies like PCAF, and analyses strategic litigation. The report highlights banks' transition from passive intermediaries to active contributors responsible for financing global emissions.
Climate Change Indicators Dashboard
A real-time global dashboard from Climate Central providing data visualisations on key climate indicators, attribution science, and extreme weather impacts to help professionals assess environmental risks and infrastructure vulnerability.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory: Agriculture Sector Emissions
A US EPA resource providing detailed data on greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, including livestock, manure, and soil management trends since 1990.
Voluntary Corporate Climate Targets in a Patchwork Policy Landscape
The Salata Institute Corporate Climate Targets Database tracks voluntary emission commitments from Russell 3000 firms (2000-2024), documenting how corporate goals interact with public policy.
Fossil Free Web 2026
A report and data resource by the Green Web Foundation tracking the internet's transition to green energy. It highlights the environmental impact of AI and hyperscale data centres.
ClimateDeck
ClimateDeck is a data platform by Rhodium Group providing global clean energy investment tracking, greenhouse gas emissions inventories, and energy market forecasts to support climate risk analysis.
Driving circular economy innovation in India and Kenya
This report evaluates the Circular Economy Innovation Cluster (CEIC) programme in Bengaluru and Nairobi from 2023-2025. It identifies impacts including 124 collaborations, support for 1,550 informal workers, and a potential reduction of 218 kt CO2eq annually through upstream innovation and enhanced ecosystem coordination.
Global warming and the National Cattlemen’s Association 1986–1996
This research examines the National Cattlemen’s Association’s response to global warming evidence between 1986 and 1996. The organisation prioritised strategic communications and public relations over production changes to mitigate methane emissions. By reframing scientific findings and challenging critics, the NCA aimed to protect beef demand and industry interests.
Integrating climate into corporate finance: Global evidence on internal carbon pricing
This report analyses the determinants and effectiveness of internal carbon pricing (ICP) globally. It finds that smaller boards and science-based targets drive higher pricing. While ICP adoption reduces short-term profitability due to capital reallocation, it successfully slows emission growth, even as absolute emissions remain linked to production.
The economic value of decarbonising the Pilbara
This report evaluates the economic impact of applying a A$50 million Fuel Tax Credit cap to decarbonise the Pilbara. It estimates A$7.1 billion to A$13.2 billion in economic value, including A$5.6 billion in induced investment, 16,800 cumulative jobs, and significant carbon abatement facilitated by common-user transmission infrastructure.
A price on carbon: Building towards an Asian CBAM
This report advocates for an Asian Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to harmonise carbon pricing across Asia-Pacific. Focusing on steel, aluminium, and cement, it proposes international collaboration between Australia, China, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea to accelerate industrial decarbonisation, address carbon leakage, and unlock green commodity trade.
Pollution pricing in equilibrium: Production, reallocation, and aggregate impacts
NBER research into the EU-ETS reveals that carbon pricing reduces emissions primarily through market reallocation and long-run technology adoption, rather than short-run input substitution. Doubling permit prices reduces aggregate emissions by 31% over five years, with moderate impacts on total output and employment across the production network.