Library | ESG issues

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

Refine
Resource type
Sustainable Finance Practices
ESG issues
SDGs
SASB Sustainability Sector
Finance relevance
Asset Class
Location
TAG
480 results
REFINE
SHOW: 16

ESRS–ISSB standards: Interoperability guidance

International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB)
Guidance outlines alignment between ESRS and ISSB sustainability standards, focusing on climate disclosures, materiality and reporting requirements. It maps corresponding provisions, highlights differences, and explains how entities can achieve compliance with both frameworks to improve efficiency and consistency in sustainability reporting.
Research
1 May 2024

Harnessing Climate and SDGs Synergies

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
UN resources on climate–SDG synergies examine how integrated approaches to climate action and sustainable development can deliver social, economic and environmental co-benefits. They highlight policy alignment, investment efficiency, and cross-sector strategies to support national planning, reduce costs, and address significant climate and SDG financing gaps.
Research

Handbook of sustainable finance

This handbook explains sustainable finance concepts, ESG scoring, regulation, reporting, sustainable products, impact investing, biodiversity, climate risk measurement, transition and physical risk modelling, portfolio construction, stress testing and risk management for finance practitioners.
Research
9 February 2026

The Core Carbon Principles (CCPs)

Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM)
The Core Carbon Principles are a global benchmark developed by the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market to assess the quality of carbon credits. They set standards for transparency, governance and environmental integrity, helping market participants identify credible credits and improve confidence in voluntary carbon markets.
Research
27 July 2023

Sectoral roadmaps as the backbone of transition planning: Linking NDCs, finance and the real economy

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
Sectoral roadmaps translate national climate targets into sector-specific decarbonisation pathways, guiding policy, investment and corporate transition plans. They align real-economy activity with finance, reduce uncertainty, and support risk assessment and capital allocation, strengthening the credibility and implementation of whole-economy transition planning.
Research
16 April 2026

IFC's performance standards on environmental and social sustainability

International Finance Corporation
The IFC Performance Standards (2012) form part of the Sustainability Framework, setting requirements for clients to identify, manage, and mitigate environmental and social risks in financed projects. They comprise eight standards covering areas such as labour, resource efficiency, biodiversity, and community impacts, and are widely used as a global benchmark for responsible investment.
Research
1 January 2012

Implications of the International Court of Justice’s Advisory Opinion on Climate Change for directors’ duties in relation to climate-related risks

Examines how the ICJ’s climate advisory opinion may elevate climate-related risks and regulatory pressures, increasing directors’ duty of care. Highlights litigation, disclosure, and transition risks, particularly for emissions-intensive sectors, and emphasises informed decision-making and accurate reporting to mitigate liability.
Research
20 April 2026

Oxford climate policy monitor: 2025 annual review

University of Oxford
Assesses climate policies across 37 jurisdictions and six domains, finding overall strengthening despite political pressures, but slow implementation. Highlights rising policy leadership in developing regions and persistent gaps in ambition and execution relative to Paris Agreement targets.
Research
25 November 2025

Australian taxonomy-aligned debt guidance: Issuing use-of-proceeds debt under the Australian sustainable finance taxonomy

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
Guidance explains applying the Australian sustainable finance taxonomy to use-of-proceeds debt, outlining classification, allocation, and disclosure requirements. It details technical screening criteria, Do No Significant Harm and social safeguards, and supports consistent, transparent identification of climate-aligned investments for issuers and investors.
Research
23 March 2026

Energy technology perspectives series

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The Energy Technology Perspectives is a series by the IEA that provides analysis of global energy systems, focusing on the development, deployment and innovation of clean energy technologies and their role in achieving sustainable, secure and low-emissions energy transitions across sectors and regions.
Benchmark/series
2 April 2026

The Climateworks guide to credibility for corporate climate transition plans

Climateworks Centre
Provides an Australian-focused framework for assessing the credibility of corporate climate transition plans, outlining principles, criteria and disclosure expectations. It supports companies, investors and regulators in evaluating emissions targets, governance, strategy alignment and risk management within mandatory climate reporting and net zero transition planning.
Research
7 July 2025

Governing for net zero: The board's role in organisational transition planning

Australian Institute of Company Directors
This report guides Australian boards on integrating net zero transition planning into strategy, governance, disclosure and stakeholder engagement. It outlines directors’ legal duties, mandatory climate reporting requirements, and practical oversight questions to help organisations manage climate-related risks, opportunities and implementation.
Research
14 July 2025

Naturebase

The Nature Conservancy
Naturebase is a free, science-based platform that maps where and how to implement nature-based solutions. It provides data on carbon mitigation potential, biodiversity and social benefits, alongside policy guidance and case studies, enabling investors and policymakers to identify, assess and finance high-integrity climate and nature projects.
Research

Working with uncertainty in climate planning and adaptation

ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes
Explains how uncertainty in climate models affects adaptation planning, highlighting assumptions, variability, model limitations and downscaling challenges. Emphasises using scenarios and probability approaches to inform decisions, while recognising incomplete knowledge and the need for cautious, context-specific interpretation of projections.
Research
16 May 2024

Global literature review and survey of implementation constraints on natural climate solutions

Global review and project survey of natural climate solutions across 137 countries finds implementation is constrained mainly by social-behavioural, knowledge, and government or organisational barriers, especially weak policy coordination and implementation capacity. Without targeted enabling measures, near-term mitigation will remain below biophysical potential.
Research
14 March 2026

Sustainable Finance Roundup March 2026: Markets, Climate Risk, and the Transition in Practice

This month’s sustainability roundup captures a shift from framework development to real-world application, where climate and nature risks are increasingly embedded across financial systems, legal accountability, and decision-making. It highlights how intensifying physical climate signals, evolving disclosures, and maturing litigation are converging with insights on sovereign risk, energy systems, and corporate strategy. Together, these developments show how sustainability is moving beyond principle—being tested, priced, and enforced across markets, regulation, and the real economy.
Article
31 March 2026
PREV
2 of 30
NEXT
Join or sign in to use Alma, Altiorem’s AI Agent. While the Altiorem library is free, Alma is exclusive to paying subscribers.