Library | ESG issues

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

Refine
Resource type
Sustainable Finance Practices
ESG issues
SDGs
SASB Sustainability Sector
Finance relevance
Asset Class
Location
TAG
495 results
REFINE
SHOW: 16

IEA's interactive data explorer

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The IEA's Interactive data explorer provides access to visualisations and databases covering 640 energy technology designs and global climate commitments. It assists finance professionals in tracking energy transitions and regional net zero outlooks.
Online tool/database

The role of investors in measuring and achieving lower embodied carbon in real estate and infrastructure

Investor Group on Climate Change
This guidance outlines strategies for Australian investors to manage and reduce embodied carbon in real estate and infrastructure. It details a maturity pathway from benchmarking to achieving reductions, highlighting mandatory reporting requirements and strategic benefits. The document provides specific actions for equity and debt investors to align with net-zero pathways.
Research
25 January 2026

The silence of the loans: Banks should adopt methane policies that cover financing and facilitating emissions

Planet Tracker
Planet Tracker examines twenty-five banks' policies regarding agricultural methane emissions. Despite methane's high potency, no banks have specific reduction targets for this sector. Most policies focus solely on direct financing, ignoring facilitated debt which constitutes 96% of corporate funding, creating significant financial and regulatory risks for lenders.
Research
15 April 2026

Global energy review series

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The Global Energy Review is an annual benchmark series published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) that assesses trends across the entire energy sector, covering all fuels, technologies, regions, and energy-related CO2 emissions for the preceding calendar year.
Benchmark/series
1 May 2026

Corporate diversification and corporate carbon performance

Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)
This research examines how corporate diversification and cash flow coinsurance reduce carbon intensity in Japanese firms. It finds that industrial diversification alleviates financing constraints, enabling substantial decarbonisation investments. The effect is most significant in carbon-intensive industries and for Scope 1 emissions following the Paris Agreement.
Research
15 July 2026

Just transition metrics benchmark

Power Shift Africa
Just Transition Metrics is a benchmark series developed by Shift in collaboration with multiple organisations. It provides a foundational, sector-agnostic set of quantitative metrics designed to assess the 'justness' of companies' climate-related transition plans, covering workforce, communities, and value chain impacts.
Benchmark/series
14 April 2026

Sector insights: Real estate series

Sustainable Fitch
Sustainable Fitch Sector Insights Report Series is a series providing analytical assessments of the sustainability profiles of different sectors. It examines sustainability impacts, ESG rating trends, sustainable finance developments, sector-specific issues, and relevant sustainability-related regulations to support finance professionals’ understanding of sector performance.
Benchmark/series
7 April 2026

Scientific Climate Ratings

EDHEC Business School
Scientific Climate Ratings delivers forward-looking, science-based climate risk ratings quantifying financial materiality of physical and transition risks for infrastructure assets globally.
Online tool/database

AI data centers and electricity demand: Taming the energy guzzlers

Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)
This paper examines AI data centre electricity demand and its costs for ratepayers and the environment. It finds that Big Tech market capitalisations have risen far above predicted levels since ChatGPT's 2022 launch, while data centres drive up electricity prices and fossil fuel use. Regulatory reforms and innovations are recommended.
Research
1 February 2026

Carbon tariffs, emissions leakage, and production relocation

Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)
This paper examines whether carbon tariffs prevent emissions leakage from firm relocation in a North-South duopoly model. It finds that carbon tariffs combined with export rebates form the optimal carbon tax regime, preventing leakage when the northern firm's emissions intensity exceeds fifty percent of the southern firm's, and can benefit both countries.
Research
30 June 2026

EDHEC Climate Institute Resource Hub

EDHEC Business School
EDHEC Climate Institute is a climate finance research resource that provides research, analytical tools and data on climate-related financial risks, transition pathways and climate policy. It supports finance professionals with evidence-based insights for investment analysis, risk assessment and decision-making on climate-related issues.
Resource hub

Measuring the impact of data centers in the United States economy: Monetary damage from air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This NBER working paper quantifies the environmental costs of US data centre electricity use in 2025. Using facility-level data for approximately 2,800 data centres, it estimates gross external damages of $24.6 billion from air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, with Texas and Virginia accounting for 30% of the national total.
Research
1 April 2026

DAX-AEX Futureproof Index Report

Futureproofing Institute
The DAX-AEX Futureproof Index Report is a benchmark series that ranks DAX and AEX-listed companies using an Integrated Value framework combining financial, social, and ecological value. It produces a Futureproofing Ratio to assess long-term corporate value creation and transition risk across sectors and economies.
Benchmark/series
1 May 2026

Global Project Tracker

Mission Possible Partnership (MPP)
MPP's Global Project Tracker maps the global pipeline of commercial-scale, net-zero-aligned clean industrial plants across materials, chemicals and fuels sectors.
Online tool/database

Business breakthrough barometer 2026: The annual pulse check from business on the pace of the climate transition

World Business Council for Sustainable Development
The Business Breakthrough Barometer 2026 surveys over 500 companies on the climate transition, finding 92% expect sustainability to deliver competitive advantage. While investment momentum holds, 68% of leaders see rising risks of a disorderly transition, urging predictable policy strengthening from governments to unlock private capital.
Research
18 June 2026

Airports and aviation emissions: The Airport Tracker as a tool for data-driven advocacy

ODI Global
This policy brief presents findings from the third update to the Airport Tracker, a global inventory covering the world's 1,300 busiest airports. Using 2023 data, it analyses CO₂ and local air pollution from passenger, freight and private jet flights, finding that aviation remains off track to meet net-zero goals.
Research
1 April 2026
PREV
1 of 31
NEXT
Join or sign in to use Alma, Altiorem’s AI Agent. While the Altiorem library is free, Alma is exclusive to paying subscribers.