Library | ESG issues

Reporting & Disclosures

Reporting and disclosures provide transparency on a company’s financial performance, strategy, and sustainability practices. Clear, reliable disclosures improve stakeholder trust, inform investment decisions, and drive corporate accountability.

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What do sustainability disclosures disclose?

This research analyses over 15,000 sustainability disclosures from Russell 3000 firms. It finds that while reporting has surged since 2015, informative quality has declined. Adoption of voluntary standards yields mixed results, correlating with reduced 'fluff' but lower narrative specificity. Improvements primarily reflect selection effects rather than organisational learning.
Research
29 January 2026

Climate Risk Signals Explorer

Climate Proof
The Climate Risk Signals Explorer is an AI-powered analytical tool by Climate Proof that tracks climate risk mentions in corporate earnings calls, helping finance professionals monitor physical and transition risks.
Online tool/database
11 September 2025

Global Methane Tracker 2026

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The International Energy Agency report analyses global energy-related methane emissions, highlighting 124 million tonnes emitted in 2025. It examines abatement strategies, satellite data advancements and policy trends. The research underscores that 30% of emissions could be reduced at no net cost, advocating for robust international standards and increased transparency.
Research
4 May 2026

Handbook: Harmonised framework for impact reporting for social bonds

International Capital Market Association
This handbook provides a harmonised framework for impact reporting on social bonds. It outlines core principles, recommendations, and sector-specific metrics for categories including affordable housing, essential services, and basic infrastructure. The document aims to enhance transparency and integrity in the social bond market through standardised reporting practices.
Research
18 June 2026

IBM Envizi Emissions

IBM Institute for Business Value
IBM Envizi Emissions is a data analytics platform and API that automates GHG Protocol-aligned emissions calculations. It enables organisations to integrate auditable ESG data into reporting workflows and performance management.
Online tool/database
28 April 2026

Best practice transition plans for listed equity asset managers

Most listed equity managers now have a target. Fewer have a plan that shows how it will be met. By January 2024, 264 Net Zero Asset Managers signatories had had their targets reviewed. Method is no longer the hard part.
Article
4 September 2026

Global Nature Watch

World Resources Institute
Global Nature Watch is an AI-powered Earth monitoring platform developed by the World Resources Institute and Google. It provides near-real-time data on land-use changes across various ecosystems to support nature-based risk assessment and environmental reporting.
Online tool/database

CPA-Zicklin Index of Corporate Political Disclosure and Accountability

Center for Political Accountability
This benchmark series evaluates corporate political disclosure and accountability practices among major US companies. It provides a structured analysis of transparency, board oversight, and spending policies for the S&P 500 and Russell 1000, enabling stakeholders to assess political risk and governance standards across different industries.
Benchmark/series
6 November 2025

ASEAN sustainable finance state of the market series

Climate Bonds Initiative
This series by the Climate Bonds Initiative examines the development of sustainable finance markets across ASEAN. It covers green, social, sustainability and sustainability-linked debt instruments, alongside market structures, taxonomies, transition finance and policy developments supporting sustainable capital markets across the region.
Benchmark/series
9 May 2023

Climate-related disclosures: Insights from our reviews 2026

Financial Markets Authority (FMA)
This Financial Markets Authority report reviews 62 climate statements from the second reporting period in Aotearoa New Zealand. It identifies improvements in reporting structures but highlights gaps in physical risk analysis and assurance compliance. Future monitoring will focus on education to improve data substantiation and risk disclosure quality.
Research
26 May 2026

Harmonized calculations methods for product carbon footprints and life cycle assessments in the mining and metals industry

This research presents methodological recommendations for harmonising product carbon footprint and life cycle assessment calculations across the mining and metals industry. Developed with the International Council on Mining and Metals, it establishes consistent guidelines for 17 aspects, including system boundaries, electricity modelling, and multi-output allocation procedures.
Research
11 March 2026

An engaged market: The 2026 state of stewardship report, prepared by the Aotearoa New Zealand stewardship code

Stewardship Code Aotearoa New Zealand
This report examines stewardship reporting across New Zealand's investment market for 2025. Representing 20 signatories with $3.8 trillion in assets, it highlights maturing practices in collaborative engagement, escalation, and voting transparency. The document notes increased integration of te ao Māori and provides guidance on strengthening stewardship and voting policies.
Research
1 June 2026

The current state of BRSR in corporate India 2.0

CFA Institute Research & Policy Centre
This report analyses Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) data from 300 Indian companies over three years. It identifies progress in disclosure quality, energy intensity trends, and assurance practices. Recommendations focus on standardisation and sector-specific guidance to enhance the decision usefulness of sustainability data for investors and regulators.
Research
4 June 2026

Southeast Asia nature risk toolkit: A resource for financial institutions

Global Canopy
A resource-hub and workbook designed by ENCORE partners to help financial institutions assess nature-related risks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It provides over 120 curated tools and datasets to support TNFD-aligned risk management and investment decisions.
Resource hub
1 June 2026

Tracking methane action in the dairy and coffee sector

Changing markets foundation
This benchmark series evaluates the progress of leading dairy and coffee companies in addressing methane emissions. It assesses corporate targets, disclosure practices, and reduction strategies within the food sector. The research provides a comparative analysis of industry performance against global climate commitments to encourage transparency and accountability.
Benchmark/series
1 May 2026

Global sustainable investment review series

Global Sustainable Investment Alliance
This benchmark series provides a factual mapping of the state of responsible and sustainable investment across major global financial markets. Produced biennially, it offers regional insights and policy recommendations to help finance professionals navigate evolving regulatory frameworks, standardised methodologies, and the transition to a net-zero economy through international cooperation.
Benchmark/series
6 November 2025
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