Library | ESG issues
Reporting & Disclosures
Reporting and disclosures provide transparency on a company’s financial performance, strategy, and sustainability practices. Clear, reliable disclosures improve stakeholder trust, inform investment decisions, and drive corporate accountability.
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State of the Banking Transition
This benchmark series reviews the progress of 36 large global banks on the low-carbon transition. Produced by the TPI Centre, it evaluates transition plans and decarbonisation targets using the Net Zero Banking Assessment Framework and Carbon Performance for Banks to measure alignment with international climate goals and the Paris Agreement.
Navigating physical climate risk in fixed income
This joint primer examines physical climate risks in fixed income, highlighting the disclosure deficit in private credit and the analytical mismatch between climate models and debt maturities. It outlines how hazards impact credit fundamentals through insurance disruption and supply chain contagion, providing a due diligence framework for investors.
Disclosing information about an entity’s climate-related transition, including information about transition plans, in accordance with IFRS S2
This IFRS Foundation guidance assists entities in disclosing climate-related transition information under IFRS S2. It details requirements for governance oversight, strategic planning, and performance metrics. Building on Transition Plan Taskforce materials, it provides sector-specific examples for reporting transition risks, opportunities, targets, and financial effects to primary users.
Financing Asia’s National Adaptation Plans: An assessment of the region’s adaptation plans against investors’ expectations
This benchmark report evaluates the alignment of national adaptation planning across nine Asian markets with investor expectations. Produced by the Asia Investor Group on Climate Change, it highlights progress and gaps in climate risk information and project pipelines to help unlock private capital for regional resilience.
FfB Foundation impact report 2025: Policy brief
The Finance for Biodiversity Foundation's 2025 policy brief reviews progress among 200 financial institutions in addressing nature loss. It highlights increased policy adoption and capital allocation while identifying barriers like data gaps and risk perception. The report calls for government action to mandate disclosures, transition plans, and economic incentives.
Russia’s coal industry after 2022: The hidden costs of Putinism’s extractive model
Following 2022 sanctions, Russia’s coal industry lost its sustainable model, incurring over USD 32 billion in cumulative losses. Redirecting exports to Asia proved unprofitable due to high logistics costs and hidden subsidies. Environmental degradation persists, while official methane reporting remains unreliable, requiring independent verification through satellite monitoring.
Forests & Finance Coalition
Forests & Finance is a database tracking billions in capital flows to forest-risk commodity companies. It provides transparency on financial links to deforestation and human rights risks.
The connected reporting landscape: GAA Connectivity in Reporting Series
This report examines the conceptual and practical frameworks for connected reporting. It emphasises the strategic role of accountants in integrating financial statements with sustainability disclosures. By addressing organisational silos and regulatory requirements, the document provides actionable guidance for achieving coherent, decision-useful corporate information for investors and key stakeholders.
Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT) Dashboard
The Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT) is an interactive tool by Climate Policy Initiative that monitors 1,500 financial institutions. It tracks climate commitments, risk management, and real-economy impacts to help professionals benchmark transition progress across the global financial system.
Open Electricity
Open Electricity is an open-access platform providing real-time and historical data on Australia’s electricity grid. Developed by The Superpower Institute, it tracks renewable generation, fossil fuel usage, and market milestones to support transparency in Australia's energy transition.
Impact Management Project
The Impact Management Project provides a shared convention for understanding and managing material effects on people and the planet. It introduces five dimensions of impact: what, how much, who, contribution, and risk. The framework assists businesses and investors in using data-driven assessments to mitigate negative outcomes and increase positive performance.
APAC trends: Sustainability’s new center of gravity: How Asia-Pacific is defining the next era of sustainable business
This report analyses how the Asia-Pacific region influences global sustainable business through four trends: rising investment and disclosure standards, the tension between clean energy growth and security, AI expansion alongside resource limitations, and the shift towards proactive health, safety, and environmental regulations across regional markets.
The quiet withdrawal: Human capital disclosure trends, 2022–2026
This report examines human capital disclosure trends among S&P 1500 companies from 2022 to 2026. It highlights a significant decline in demographic and board diversity reporting following the removal of regulatory requirements. While operational metrics remain stable, quantitative workforce data is increasingly being omitted from formal financial filings.
Forging ahead: A 2026 assessment of investor climate action across North America
This 2026 assessment of 50 large North American investors reveals that most are prioritising climate risk management and clean economy opportunities despite shifting regulations. Findings show 74% assess portfolio risks and allocate capital to climate solutions, though only 22% have disclosed explicit, measurable targets for increasing these investments.
Stop in the name of law: How litigation is challenging offsetting claims
This report analyses the rising legal and regulatory scrutiny of corporate carbon offsetting claims. It examines landmark cases in Europe, Australia, and the US, highlighting a global shift towards banning misleading 'net-zero' labels. The findings underscore the necessity for companies to prioritise genuine in-house emissions reductions over carbon credits.
Trends in climate risk reporting: Lessons from initial voluntary corporate reports under California’s SB 261
This research analyses 154 voluntary corporate climate risk reports submitted under California’s SB 261. It identifies early trends in governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics. Findings highlight that while risk awareness is widespread, gaps remain in financial quantification, quantitative scenario analysis, and the development of formal transition plans.