Library | ESG issues

Reporting & Disclosures

Reporting and disclosures provide transparency on a company’s financial performance, strategy, and sustainability practices. Clear, reliable disclosures improve stakeholder trust, inform investment decisions, and drive corporate accountability.

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Impact statement framework: Valuing, accounting and reporting societal impact

Valuing Impact
Framework for impact statements, valuing organisations’ societal effects across natural, human and social capital using eQALY. It outlines scope, data, modelling, reporting, governance and case studies to support comparable, decision-useful impact valuation.
Research
2 March 2026

A director’s guide to mandatory climate reporting: Version 2

Australian Institute of Company Directors
Provides guidance for directors on Australia’s mandatory climate reporting regime, outlining regulatory requirements, governance expectations, and disclosure obligations under AASB S2. Explains implementation timelines, assurance pathways, and practical steps to manage climate-related risks, opportunities, and reporting processes within corporate reporting frameworks.
Research
24 September 2024

ASEAN taxonomy for sustainable finance series

ASEAN Capital Markets Forum (ACMF)
The ASEAN Taxonomy for Sustainable Finance is a benchmark series that provides a common framework to classify sustainable economic activities across ASEAN. It guides financial institutions, policymakers and market participants in assessing environmental objectives, supporting an orderly transition and alignment with regional and international sustainable finance standards.
Benchmark/series
6 November 2025

ESRS–ISSB standards: Interoperability guidance

International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB)
Guidance outlines alignment between ESRS and ISSB sustainability standards, focusing on climate disclosures, materiality and reporting requirements. It maps corresponding provisions, highlights differences, and explains how entities can achieve compliance with both frameworks to improve efficiency and consistency in sustainability reporting.
Research
1 May 2024

ASEAN SDG Bond Toolkit

Climate Bonds Initiative
Provides practical guidance for issuing SDG bonds in ASEAN, outlining principles, processes, and frameworks aligned with green, social and sustainability bond standards. It explains SDG mapping, eligibility criteria, reporting practices, and market context to support issuers in mobilising capital for sustainable development.
Research
1 December 2021

Handbook of sustainable finance

This handbook explains sustainable finance concepts, ESG scoring, regulation, reporting, sustainable products, impact investing, biodiversity, climate risk measurement, transition and physical risk modelling, portfolio construction, stress testing and risk management for finance practitioners.
Research
9 February 2026

Financial Reporting Council (FRC)

Government Organisations & Departments
Financial Reporting Council (FRC) is UK’s independent regulator for corporate governance, audit, accounting and actuarial professions. It sets standards such as Corporate Governance and Stewardship Codes, supervises audit quality, and enforces compliance. FRC promotes transparency, integrity and investor confidence in financial reporting, supporting effective capital markets and responsible business practices.
Organisation
1 research item

UK Stewardship Code 2026

Financial Reporting Council (FRC)
The UK Stewardship Code (2026) sets voluntary principles for asset owners, managers and service providers to demonstrate effective stewardship through transparent, outcomes-focused reporting, supporting responsible capital allocation and long-term value creation for clients and beneficiaries.
Research
3 June 2026

A systems approach to sustainable finance: Actors, influence mechanisms, and potentially virtuous cycles of sustainability

This review applies systems thinking to sustainable finance, analysing key actors, influence mechanisms and feedback loops. It identifies barriers such as weak ESG metrics and poor risk integration, and highlights opportunities for collaboration to align capital flows with sustainability and ecological resilience.
Research
18 July 2025

GRI Standards

Global Reporting Initiative
The GRI Standards are globally recognised sustainability reporting guidelines enabling organisations to disclose economic, environmental and social impacts in a consistent and comparable way. They support transparency, accountability and informed decision-making by helping organisations identify, measure and communicate material ESG impacts and contributions to sustainable development.
Research
1 January 2016

IFC's performance standards on environmental and social sustainability

International Finance Corporation
The IFC Performance Standards (2012) form part of the Sustainability Framework, setting requirements for clients to identify, manage, and mitigate environmental and social risks in financed projects. They comprise eight standards covering areas such as labour, resource efficiency, biodiversity, and community impacts, and are widely used as a global benchmark for responsible investment.
Research
1 January 2012

Recharge for rights: Ranking the human rights due diligence reporting of leading electric vehicle makers

Amnesty International
Amnesty International assesses 13 leading EV makers’ public reporting on human rights due diligence in battery mineral supply chains. It finds uneven progress since 2017, but no company demonstrates adequate alignment with international standards; Mercedes-Benz and Tesla lead, while BYD ranks last.
Research
24 October 2024

Nature markets: Overarching principles and framework: Specification version 2

The British Standards Institution (BSI)
Sets out overarching principles and framework for high-integrity UK nature markets, covering credit generation, trading and storage. Emphasises transparency, additionality, governance, verification and registries to ensure credible environmental outcomes, prevent greenwashing, and support investment in nature recovery.
Research
11 March 2025

Monitoring internal whistleblowing systems: A framework for collecting data and reporting on performance and impact

Transparency International
Transparency International sets out a framework for monitoring internal whistleblowing systems, covering data collection, reporting, confidentiality, stakeholder accountability, performance indicators, retaliation complaints, trust and awareness measures, and resource tracking to help organisations assess effectiveness and improve protections and governance.
Research
29 April 2025

Australian taxonomy-aligned debt guidance: Issuing use-of-proceeds debt under the Australian sustainable finance taxonomy

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
Guidance explains applying the Australian sustainable finance taxonomy to use-of-proceeds debt, outlining classification, allocation, and disclosure requirements. It details technical screening criteria, Do No Significant Harm and social safeguards, and supports consistent, transparent identification of climate-aligned investments for issuers and investors.
Research
23 March 2026

ESG regulations tracking tool

Sustainable Fitch
Fitch’s ESG Regulations Tracking Tool monitors global ESG-related regulatory developments affecting corporates. It provides structured, regularly updated insights on policy changes, jurisdictional trends and compliance requirements, supporting finance professionals in assessing regulatory risk, aligning strategies and understanding evolving ESG obligations across multiple markets and sectors.
Online tool/database
20 January 2026
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