Library | ESG issues

Social

The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.

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Fair4All Finance

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Fair4All Finance is a UK-based organisation focused on improving financial inclusion. It funds, researches, and supports affordable credit, savings, insurance, and financial resilience solutions for people in vulnerable circumstances, working with policymakers, charities, and financial service providers to scale social impact.
Organisation

KanataQ Ltd

Other
KanataQ Ltd provides climate and nature risk analytics for financial institutions, corporates and investors. It develops data-driven models, scenarios and tools to assess physical and transition risks, support regulatory reporting, and inform strategic decision-making across climate, ESG and sustainable finance, using forward-looking insights aligned with global climate frameworks and standards.
Organisation
1 research item

Global Energy Monitor

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Global Energy Monitor (GEM) is a non-profit research organisation that develops and publishes open-access data, interactive tools, and analysis on global energy infrastructure, including fossil fuels and renewable projects. GEM’s datasets and reports inform energy transition, climate policy and public understanding worldwide.
Organisation
1 research item

openLCA Nexus

GreenDelta
openLCA Nexus is an online repository providing access to life cycle assessment databases for environmental and sustainability analysis. It hosts free and licensed datasets from multiple providers, covering energy, materials, agriculture, transport and waste, designed for use within the openLCA software environment.
Online tool/database

INGENIAR Risk Intelligence

Commercial Research Providers
Ingeniar: Risk Intelligence is a commercial risk management consultancy specialising in disaster risk assessment, climate resilience, and probabilistic risk modelling. It provides technical studies, analytics, and software tools supporting infrastructure planning, adaptation strategies, and financial risk decision-making for public and private sector clients globally.
Organisation
1 research item

UN SDG Portal

United Nations (UN)
The United Nations SDGs platform (sdgs.un.org) is an online hub for the 2030 Agenda and 17 Sustainable Development Goals, offering goals, targets, indicators, events, publications and global actions to track and support SDG implementation. It also includes registries of voluntary commitments and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
Online tool/database

FIRMS Fire Information for Resource Management System

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) provides global near-real-time satellite data on active fires and thermal anomalies, viewable via interactive maps, alerts and downloadable files. It uses MODIS and VIIRS instruments to detect fire locations and deliver data within hours for monitoring, analysis and decision-making.
Online tool/database

The twin transition century

The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities
This paper argues that Europe’s green transition depends on aligning digital transformation with sustainability goals. It outlines how digital research can both reduce its own environmental footprint and enable climate action, calling for long-term, interdisciplinary research investment and coordinated EU policy.
Research
18 September 2023

Climate risk index series

Germanwatch
The Climate Risk Index is an annual benchmark series that compares countries’ exposure and vulnerability to extreme weather events using a consistent, historical, data-driven framework. Across all editions, it supports comparative assessment of physical climate risk over time and informs policy, risk analysis, and climate-aware financial decision-making.
Benchmark/series
11 November 2025

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights series

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This is a series of sector-wide risk assessment briefings for the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector. It examines salient human rights issues linked to ICT business models and technologies, providing a consistent analytical framework to support investor assessment, engagement, and governance analysis across multiple thematic areas.
Benchmark/series
1 June 2022

Tools for circularity

International Council on Mining and Metals
This report outlines practical tools to help mining and metals companies integrate circular economy principles. It explains business drivers, regulatory context, metrics, and case studies, supporting financial and non-financial business cases for improved resource efficiency, value retention, and responsible production.
Research
1 October 2024

How the circular economy can revive the sustainable development goals: Priorities for immediate global action, and a policy blueprint for the transition to 2050

Chatham House
This report argues that embedding circular economy principles within the Sustainable Development Goals could revive stalled progress. It outlines five global policy priorities and proposes a 2050 blueprint linking circularity, inclusive growth, trade, finance and standards to post-2030 development agendas.
Research
18 September 2024

Food systems investing in East Africa: The roles of funds in financing food systems transformation

Transformational Investing in Food Systems (TIFS)
This report analyses 23 impact funds investing in East African food systems, assessing their design, impact alignment, and financing roles. It identifies gaps, good practices, and recommendations to strengthen agroecological and regenerative food systems investing.
Research
1 July 2023

New approaches and challenges regarding trade, climate action, and the WTO

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
The report analyses how WTO trade rules can support climate action. It assesses tools such as border carbon adjustments, standards, subsidies and technology policy, identifying legal gaps, development impacts and the need for coordinated reforms to align multilateral trade governance with climate objectives.
Research
18 December 2024

Assessing the credibility of a company’s transition plan: framework and guidance

World Benchmarking Alliance
This report presents a harmonised framework to assess the credibility of corporate climate transition plans. It defines core plan elements, assessment principles, and a four-step process to evaluate ambition, feasibility, consistency, governance, and financial alignment with Paris-aligned decarbonisation pathways.
Research
1 September 2024

Defining climate finance justice: Critical geographies of justice amid financialized climate action

The article defines “climate finance justice” as a framework for analysing how financialised climate action shapes equity, power, and outcomes. It critiques climate finance mechanisms, including UNFCCC processes and voluntary carbon markets, and argues for justice-centred approaches that address historical responsibility, governance, and uneven impacts.
Research
29 October 2024
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