Library | ESG issues

Social

The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.

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University of Oxford

Academic Institutions
University of Oxford is a world-leading university and research institution based in Oxford, England. Founded in the 12th century, it delivers teaching and interdisciplinary research across sciences, humanities and social sciences, advancing knowledge and innovation to address global challenges and inform policy, industry and society.
Organisation
1 research item

Advancing gender equality through gender lens investing

Altiorem
Examines gender lens investing as an approach integrating gender analysis into investment decisions to promote equality and returns. Outlines strategies, benefits, challenges, and case studies, linking to SDGs and emphasising measurement, engagement, and diverse investment practices.
Research
16 November 2023

Driving positive social change through co-operatives and mutual enterprises (CMEs)

Altiorem
This guide explains how co-operatives and mutual enterprises can support social change through democratic governance, member focus and long-term value. It argues they can improve stability, competition and sustainability in finance, while noting challenges including regulation, capital raising and market awareness.
Research
15 November 2024

Good practices for handling whistleblower disclosures

Australian Securities and Investments Commission
ASIC report outlines good practices for whistleblower programmes, based on a review of selected firms. It highlights governance, culture, training, monitoring, and use of disclosures to improve performance, alongside executive accountability and board oversight to ensure compliance with Corporations Act requirements.
Research
1 March 2023

Strengthening the S in ESG series

Shift
Strengthening the S in ESG is a research series examining the design and use of social indicators and metrics within ESG frameworks. It provides guidance and analysis to improve how companies’ impacts on people are measured, supporting more decision-useful insights for investors and better alignment with real business practices.
Benchmark/series
31 October 2025

Human rights due diligence in the financial sector: A compendium of industry case studies and practice

Business for Social Responsibility (BSR)
Examines how financial institutions implement human rights due diligence, aligned with UNGPs and OECD guidelines, using case studies. Highlights challenges in data, prioritisation and leverage, and emphasises integrating human rights into governance, risk processes and client engagement to manage impacts across lending, investment and insurance activities.
Research
14 November 2025

Nourish and flourish: Water solutions to feed 10 billion people on a livable planet

The World Bank
This World Bank report outlines transforming agricultural water management to feed 10 billion people sustainably. It introduces a water-food nexus framework, highlights inefficiencies in current systems, and emphasises data-driven, service-oriented irrigation and financing reforms to improve productivity, resilience, and environmental outcomes.
Research
8 April 2026

World of work series: Employment and social trends

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
Global labour markets remain resilient amid uncertainty, but decent work deficits persist. Informality, working poverty and gender gaps remain widespread, especially in low-income countries. Productivity growth is weak, and demographic shifts and AI add risks. Economic growth alone is insufficient to improve employment quality or social outcomes.
Research
13 January 2026

Transitions Mineral Tracker

Business and Human Rights Resource Centre
The Transition Minerals Tracker is an online database by the Business & Human Rights Resource Centre that tracks human rights risks linked to mining key minerals for the energy transition. It compiles company data, policies and allegations, enabling users to assess exposure to social and governance risks across global mining operations.
Online tool/database

Mind the gap: An insurance climate vulnerability assessment

Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
APRA assesses Australia’s home insurance protection gap under climate scenarios, finding affordability pressures may increase uninsured households from one in seven to one in four by 2050. Rising weather risks and economic factors drive premiums, widening financial system risks, particularly in regional areas, with implications for households, insurers and banks.
Research
23 March 2026

University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney)

Academic Institutions
University of New South Wales (UNSW) is a leading Australian public research university based in Sydney, offering undergraduate and postgraduate degrees across disciplines including business, engineering and law. UNSW focuses on innovative research, sustainability and global partnerships, supporting industry engagement and delivering education that improves societal outcomes locally and internationally.
Organisation
1 research item

Heightened human rights due diligence

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
UNDP’s training guide explains heightened human rights due diligence for companies in conflict-affected contexts, outlining frameworks, legal expectations and practical steps to assess, mitigate and remedy impacts on human rights and conflict, supported by case studies and tools to guide implementation.
Research
22 November 2025

Sustainable Finance Roundup March 2026: Markets, Climate Risk, and the Transition in Practice

This month’s sustainability roundup captures a shift from framework development to real-world application, where climate and nature risks are increasingly embedded across financial systems, legal accountability, and decision-making. It highlights how intensifying physical climate signals, evolving disclosures, and maturing litigation are converging with insights on sovereign risk, energy systems, and corporate strategy. Together, these developments show how sustainability is moving beyond principle—being tested, priced, and enforced across markets, regulation, and the real economy.
Article
31 March 2026

University of Maryland

Academic Institutions
University of Maryland (UMD) is a leading public research university in the United States, known for academic excellence, innovation and interdisciplinary research. Based in College Park, UMD offers diverse degree programmes and collaborates with government and industry to address global challenges in science, technology, public policy and sustainability.
Organisation
1 research item

Engaging the public on climate risks and adaptation: A briefing for UK communicators

Climate Outreach
This briefing summarises UK public attitudes to climate risks and adaptation, highlighting rising concern, strong policy support, and the importance of communication strategies. It emphasises linking climate impacts to lived experience, health, and values to strengthen public engagement and support for adaptation and mitigation.
Research
3 March 2020

Communicating climate change and migration: A user’s guide to navigating the research

Climate Outreach
This report guides practitioners on communicating climate-linked migration, highlighting research gaps, biases and limited diversity. It emphasises critical engagement with academic literature, improved representation of affected communities, and the need for nuanced, interdisciplinary approaches to inform effective, ethical communication strategies.
Research
12 April 2024
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