Library | ESG issues

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The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.

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Moving away from mass destruction:109 exclusions of nuclear weapon producers

PAX
The report reviews 109 financial institutions with policies excluding nuclear weapon producers, assessing policy scope and implementation. It finds 55 institutions apply comprehensive exclusions, while others retain gaps or exposures, reflecting growing financial-sector alignment with the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
Research
27 February 2024

The use of the Lavender in Gaza and the law of targeting: AI-decision support systems and facial recognition technology

The report analyses Israel’s alleged use of the ‘Lavender’ AI decision-support system and facial recognition in Gaza, assessing compliance with international humanitarian law. It highlights risks from inaccuracy, bias, automation and opacity, concluding that commanders must retain judgement and verification to meet targeting obligations.
Research
23 May 2025

Rearm europe, rearm finance: What role for responsible investment in the financing of european defense?

Mirova
Mirova assesses Europe’s defence rearmament and examines how responsible investors could contribute without undermining ESG principles. It argues for selective financing, strict exclusions, and innovative tools such as defence bonds, while maintaining focus on environmental transition and European sovereignty.
Research
5 June 2025

United Nations Human Rights Council

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is an intergovernmental body within United Nations system made up of 47 Member States responsible for the promotion and protection of all human rights around the globe. It addresses human rights issues, themes, and violations throughout the year and meets regularly in Geneva, Switzerland.
Organisation

Green finance was supposed to contribute solutions to climate change. So far, it’s fallen well short

The article argues that while climate disclosure and green finance initiatives have expanded since Mark Carney’s “tragedy of the horizon” speech, they have failed to shift capital at the scale required to address climate and nature risks. It contends that deeper structural reforms to financial valuation, incentives and capital allocation are needed to move beyond managing symptoms toward financing real-world solutions.
Article
5 January 2026

Next to fall: The climate-driven insurance crisis is here and getting worse

United States Senate Budget Committee
The report analyses U.S. homeowners’ insurance non-renewals, showing strong links between climate risks, rising premiums, and declining coverage. It finds coastal and wildfire-exposed regions face pronounced instability, with risks spreading inland. The Committee warns that worsening insurability could erode property values and trigger broader financial impacts.
Research
18 December 2024

Maximising Australia’s green growth: Leveraging trade and aid policy to drive Australia’s green exports agenda

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
The report assesses risks to Australia’s fossil fuel exports and outlines how aligned trade, aid and climate finance policies can build demand for green exports. It proposes sustainable growth partnerships in the Indo-Pacific to secure markets, attract investment and support regional decarbonisation.
Research
5 January 2025

The spirit level at 15: The enduring impact of inequality

The Equality Trust
The report evidences how income inequality drives environmental, social and health harms, worsening trust, mobility, wellbeing and climate impacts. It shows cross-country correlations and calls for structural reforms, including redistribution, public investment and participatory governance, to reduce disparities and improve population outcomes.
Research
19 July 2024

Creating a sustainable food future

World Resources Institute
The report assesses how to feed nearly 10 billion people by 2050 while limiting land expansion and emissions. It identifies food, land and greenhouse gas gaps, and proposes 22 solutions spanning demand reduction, productivity gains, ecosystem protection, fisheries growth and agricultural emissions mitigation.
Research
13 April 2019

One-earth fashion: 33 transformation targets for a just fashion system within planetary boundaries

Public Eye
The report outlines fashion’s environmental and social impacts and proposes 33 time-bound transformation targets across materials, labour, value distribution and governance. It calls for reduced virgin inputs, fair working conditions and paradigm shifts to align the global fashion system with planetary boundaries and social justice.
Research
12 May 2024

Investor influence in private markets: How investors activities can result in changes in outcomes for people and or the natural environment

The Predistribution Initiative
This report examines how private market investors influence social and environmental outcomes through investment decisions and firm-level actions. It proposes a framework to assess pathways, outcomes and causality, supporting impact management beyond portfolio company effects.
Research
10 September 2024

Forecasting the fallout from AMR: Economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance in humans

The World Bank
This report analyses AMR's economic impacts, projecting US$159 billion annual health costs by 2050 in business-as-usual scenario. Interventions like better treatment and new antibiotics could save US$97 billion in costs, add US$960 billion to GDP, at US$63 billion yearly cost with 281 ROI.​
Research
25 September 2024

Assessment of the health impacts and costs associated with indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure related to gas cooking in the European Union and the United Kingdom

Universitat Jaume I
The report estimates premature mortality, years of life lost and asthma cases in the EU and UK attributable to indoor nitrogen dioxide from gas cooking. Using modelling of indoor exposures and concentration–response functions, it quantifies associated economic costs and highlights potential health gains from transitioning to cleaner cooking energy
Research
28 October 2024

Moving forward imagining a sustainable transport system

New Economics Foundation
The report outlines a universal basic services approach to UK transport, highlighting inequitable access, high emissions, and car dependence. It assesses current government reforms and recommends long-term, publicly oriented investment to expand affordable, integrated, low-carbon mobility, prioritising public transport and active travel within environmental limits.
Research
18 December 2024

Blueprint to close the women’s health gap: How to improve lives and economies for all

World Economic Forum
The report outlines a global framework to reduce the women’s health gap by improving data, research, care delivery, inclusion and investment. Focusing on nine high-impact conditions, it quantifies health and economic gains achievable by 2040 and proposes measurable actions to enhance outcomes for women and strengthen economies.
Research
29 January 2025

The Equality Trust

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
The Equality Trust is a UK charity focused on reducing economic and social inequality. It produces research, policy analysis and advocacy on income, wealth and power distribution, informing public debate and decision-making. Work supports evidence-based policy, social justice and improved wellbeing across the UK.
Organisation
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