Library | ESG issues
Systemic Risk Management
Systemic risk refers to the possibility that an event at the company level could trigger severe instability or collapse in an entire industry or economy. It extends beyond individual failures, encompassing large-scale threats such as climate change, natural disasters, inflation, geopolitical crises, and pandemics. Effective systemic risk management requires proactive monitoring, regulatory safeguards, and resilience strategies to mitigate risks and ensure financial stability in an increasingly complex and uncertain global landscape.
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Climate fiduciaries: part II – the duty of even-handedness
This article explores the fiduciary duty of even-handedness and its implications for climate-aware pension fund investing, focusing on emerging legal challenges in Australia and Canada. It argues that unmanaged climate risk may breach trustees’ obligations to act equitably across generations, particularly where younger members bear disproportionate long-term harm.
Systems-informed stewardship part I: Reshaping sustainable and impact finance through systems thinking
This article introduces systems thinking and explains how it is reshaping sustainable and impact finance by addressing interconnected systemic risks like climate change and inequality. It outlines four emerging applications; from systemic risk management to systems-informed stewardship, highlighting the implications for investors’ roles, tools, and decision-making.
Global biodiversity loss, ecosystem collapse and national security: A national security assessment
This UK national security assessment finds global biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse pose high risks to food security, economic stability and geopolitics. Degradation is widespread, with potential ecosystem collapse from 2030–2050, intensifying migration, conflict, supply chain disruption and strategic competition without decisive intervention.
Global climate highlights series
This benchmark series provides a recurring, standardised overview of global climate conditions, produced using consistent observational and reanalysis datasets. It tracks changes across key climate indicators to support comparability over time and inform assessment of longer-term climate trends within a recognised reference framework.
State of finance for nature 2026: Nature in the red: Powering the trillion dollar nature transition economy
UNEP’s State of Finance for Nature 2026 finds global finance remains heavily skewed towards nature-negative activities. In 2023, US$7.3 trillion harmed nature versus US$220 billion for nature-based solutions. Meeting Rio Convention targets requires more than doubling nature investment by 2030.
Online Climate Scenario Analysis Narrative Tool
An interactive climate financial risk tool developed by the UK Centre for Greening Finance and Investment to support scenario analysis. It enables users to explore climate transition and physical risk pathways for financial decision-making, stress testing, and research, with a focus on climate-related financial impacts.
NatureAlign
NatureAlign is a decision-support tool by Nature Finance that helps financial institutions identify, assess and respond to nature-related risks and opportunities by aligning portfolios, strategies and governance with nature-positive outcomes.
Climate transition and global financial stability
This literature review assesses evidence on how delayed, failed or uneven climate transitions affect UK and global financial stability. It finds intensifying physical and transition risks, potential mispricing and spillovers, and significant uncertainty, highlighting EMDE transitions as central to managing systemic financial risk.
Adaptation and resilience impact measurement toolkit : A practical framework for financial institutions
Provides a practical framework for financial institutions to measure climate adaptation and resilience impacts. It sets principles, indicators and decision pathways across banks, insurers, DFIs and asset managers, linking outputs, outcomes and impacts to capital allocation, risk management, compliance and reporting.
KanataQ Ltd
KanataQ Ltd provides climate and nature risk analytics for financial institutions, corporates and investors. It develops data-driven models, scenarios and tools to assess physical and transition risks, support regulatory reporting, and inform strategic decision-making across climate, ESG and sustainable finance, using forward-looking insights aligned with global climate frameworks and standards.
WESR: Risk
WESR: Risk is an analytical tool that examines systemic environmental and societal risks and their potential economic impacts. It provides structured insights into risk drivers, interconnections and long-term trends, supporting high-level risk identification and contextual analysis for finance and investment decision-making.
Climate fiduciaries: part I – the climate prisoner’s dilemma
This article explores how climate change is reshaping fiduciary duty for pension funds, through court cases, legal analysis, and the concept of systemic risk. It introduces the “climate prisoner’s dilemma,” arguing that climate-aware investment may be shifting from discretionary to obligatory for long-term fiduciaries.
EM-DAT – The international disaster database
EM-DAT is a global database of over 27 000 major natural and technological disasters since 1900, recording their occurrence and human and economic impacts. Maintained by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), it supports evidence-based disaster risk reduction, preparedness and vulnerability assessment.
Nature Enters the Boardroom: Why Directors Are Paying Attention
Drawing on Australia’s first national study of board-level engagement with nature, this article shows how directors are treating nature as a material governance and financial issue. It highlights how boards are extending climate governance systems to manage nature-related risks, adopt frameworks like TNFD, and build resilience and long-term value despite policy uncertainty.
INGENIAR Risk Intelligence
Ingeniar: Risk Intelligence is a commercial risk management consultancy specialising in disaster risk assessment, climate resilience, and probabilistic risk modelling. It provides technical studies, analytics, and software tools supporting infrastructure planning, adaptation strategies, and financial risk decision-making for public and private sector clients globally.
UNEP Strata
UNEP Strata is a free, web-based geospatial platform that maps where climate, environmental and security stresses overlap with socio-economic vulnerabilities to support analysis, planning and monitoring by practitioners, analysts and policymakers.
