Library | ESG issues

Targets & Accountability

Targets and accountability are essential for ensuring organisations and governments follow through on commitments to sustainability, climate action, and social responsibility. Setting measurable and transparent targets such as net-zero goals, emissions reductions, diversity benchmarks, and human rights protections allows for tracking progress and holding entities accountable. Clear, data-driven targets strengthen stakeholder trust and help align financial and business strategies with long-term sustainability objectives.

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The high-integrity sustainable aviation fuels handbook

Environmental Defense Fund
The handbook provides introduction to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and guidance for the development and deployment SAF. It emphasises the need for robust sustainability criteria, transparent accounting systems and a life-cycle assessment approach to ensure significant emissions reductions compared to conventional jet fuel. It also offers policy recommendations to support the growth of SAF in the aviation industry.
Research
22 August 2022

State of nature-related disclosures: Assessing TNFD alignment of nature-related disclosures by firms in high-risk sectors

First Sentier Investors
The report evaluates the alignment of firms' nature-related disclosures with the TNFD framework. It covers eight priority sectors, highlighting disclosure gaps and providing recommendations for improvement to ensure comprehensive, high-quality nature-related reporting.
Research
9 July 2024

Making net-zero aviation possible: An industry-backed, 1.5°C-aligned transition strategy

Mission Possible Partnership (MPP)
The report outlines a 1.5°C-aligned transition strategy for decarbonising the aviation sector by 2050. It provides tools and milestones, to guide public and private sector decision-makers in achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable aviation fuels, novel propulsion technologies, and efficiency improvements. The strategy emphasises collaboration across the aviation value chain to meet the ambitious climate targets.
Research
17 November 2022

Net Zero Investment Framework 2.0

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)
The Net Zero Investment Framework (NZIF) 2.0, updated in June 2024, provides guidelines for investors to align their portfolios with the Paris Agreement goals. It includes detailed methodologies for various asset classes, governance, strategic asset allocation, and policy advocacy, focusing on achieving real economy emissions reductions through independent fiduciary decisions.
Research
22 June 2024

How corporate climate change mitigation actions affect the cost of capital

This study explores how corporate climate change mitigation actions influence the cost of capital for Japanese firms from 2017-2021. It finds that higher carbon intensity increases the cost of equity, debt, and overall capital. Climate-related disclosures lower the cost of equity and overall capital, despite raising debt costs.
Research
20 May 2024

Nature-positive strategy: Practical guidance for corporates

Pollination
This practical guidance report provides a principles-based approach that equips corporates with an understanding of the value of nature, identifies key frameworks, and encourages a call to action. It suggests implementing “no regrets” actions for risk mitigation while progressing work on key frameworks. It further recognises that taking actions now will create business value.
Research
27 March 2024

Global survey of nature risk management at financial firms 2024: A discipline in its infancy

Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP)
The survey highlights the nascent stage of nature risk management in financial institutions. It covers governance, strategy, risk management, metrics, scenario analysis, and disclosures. The survey reveals low maturity levels but underscores the importance of integrating nature risks into financial practices to enhance resilience and sustainability.
Research
26 March 2024

An introduction to responsible investment: Biodiversity for asset owners

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
This introductory guide for asset owners explores the financial risks and opportunities associated with biodiversity loss. It explains the relevance of biodiversity to investment processes and outlines how asset owners can incorporate biodiversity considerations into their responsible investment policies, stewardship practices, and disclosures.
Research
9 April 2024

ShareAction's voting matters series

ShareAction
Voting Matters are benchmark-series reports by ShareAction evaluating the proxy voting behaviour of asset managers on environmental and social issues. This report analyses the voting patterns of major asset managers to determine their commitment to responsible investment practices.
Benchmark/series

Banking on climate chaos: Fossil fuel finance series

Rainforest Action Network
The "Banking on Climate Chaos" benchmark report examines global banks' financing of fossil fuel companies, highlighting trends and policy shifts impacting climate goals. This series offers critical insights into financial institutions' roles in supporting fossil fuel expansion and their climate commitments.

Benchmark/series

Artificial intelligence risk management framework (AI RMF 1.0)

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
This framework is a guide to promote safe, secure and transparent use of AI systems. The Framework provides four key functions – govern, map, measure and manage - with further categories and subcategories for risk management in AI systems.
Research
25 January 2023

Do high-ability managers choose ESG projects that create shareholder value? Evidence from employee opinions

Are ESG projects compatible with shareholder value? Managers face a challenge when they decide which ESG projects to select with limited clarity on allowed investments. The paper uses MSCI ESG ratings and Glassdoor employee ratings to demonstrate that high-calibre managers put their resources towards ESG projects and thereby enhance shareholder value.
Research
24 June 2020

Change finance, not the climate

This is a comprehensive and practical handbook by Transnational Institute and Institute for Policy Studies. This report outlines how to democratically marshal financial resources for a Global Green New Deal and to green the financial institutions by focusing on central banking, private banks, and financial markets towards tackling climate chaos.
Research
4 June 2020

Do investors care about impact?

Investors care about sustainable investments, but not enough to pay substantially more for more impact. A framed field experiment revealed investors’ preference was an emotional rather than a calculative valuation of impact. This preference is driving the market, as managers provide little quantitative evidence of sustainability impact, according to the report.
Research
13 January 2021

Safe and just Earth system boundaries

This report sets safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for domains including climate, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and identifies sub-global ESBs for avoiding Earth system destabilization. Achieving these ESBs requires a systemic transformation across sectors and addressing drivers of Earth system change for a safe and just future.
Research
31 May 2023

Five insights for avoiding global collapse: What a 50-year-old model of the world taught me about a way forward for us today

This book analyses a 50-year-old model of the world to provide five insights for avoiding global collapse. The book examines societal pressures, the role of technology, governance structures, and finance that contribute to earth's ecosystem health and sustenance."
Research
5 October 2022
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