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General Sustainable Development Goals

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Doughnut of social and planetary boundaries monitors a world out of balance series

Doughnut Economics Action Lab (DEAL)
This series presents the Doughnut Economics framework, which assesses economic progress by balancing social foundations with ecological limits. It provides a structured approach to understanding whether human activity meets essential needs while remaining within planetary boundaries, supporting analysis, comparison and application across global, national and local contexts.
Benchmark/series
1 October 2025

Wales' wellbeing economy journey

Centre for Policy Development (CPD)
This case study details the 15-year policy journey in Wales to embed sustainable development into government functions, starting with the Government of Wales Act 1998. Developed legislation along the way established clear accountability mechanisms, including the Future Generations Commissioner, to ensure public bodies actively contribute to seven defined wellbeing goals.
Case study
27 August 2022

IFRS S1: General requirements for disclosure of sustainability-related financial information

IFRS Foundation
IFRS S1 sets general requirements for sustainability-related financial disclosures, requiring entities to report material sustainability risks and opportunities affecting cash flows, access to finance and cost of capital, using consistent governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics disclosures.
Research
11 December 2025

State of supply chain sustainability series

MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics
The State of Supply Chain Sustainability is an annual benchmark series that examines how organisations define, govern, and implement environmental and social sustainability across global supply chains. It provides a consistent research framework to track evolving practices, pressures, and management approaches over time.
Benchmark/series
13 November 2025

Measuring companies’ environmental and social impacts: An analysis of ESG ratings and SDG scores

This study compares ESG ratings with SDG scores across major providers. It finds little correlation. SDG scores align with investor exclusions and EU Taxonomy assessments, while ESG ratings largely measure financial risk exposure, not real-world environmental or social impacts.
Research
4 April 2025

Impact Thinking Canvas

Valuing Impact
The Impact Thinking Canva is a simple, printable framework to structure impact valuation projects, helping organisations define objectives, map impact pathways, identify key data needs and align stakeholders early in the process. It guides impact measurement and data collection at the start of an impact valuation exercise.
Online tool/database

UN SDG Portal

United Nations (UN)
The United Nations SDGs platform (sdgs.un.org) is an online hub for the 2030 Agenda and 17 Sustainable Development Goals, offering goals, targets, indicators, events, publications and global actions to track and support SDG implementation. It also includes registries of voluntary commitments and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
Online tool/database

Unlocking Opportunity: Addressing Livestock Methane to Build Resilient Food Systems

Ceres
This Ceres report outlines the financial and climate case for reducing livestock methane. It maps methane exposure across food supply chains and sets out strategies for companies and investors to manage risk, strengthen resilience, and capture value through near-term methane mitigation.
Research
14 March 2025

Moving away from mass destruction:109 exclusions of nuclear weapon producers

PAX
The report reviews 109 financial institutions with policies excluding nuclear weapon producers, assessing policy scope and implementation. It finds 55 institutions apply comprehensive exclusions, while others retain gaps or exposures, reflecting growing financial-sector alignment with the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
Research
27 February 2024

Guidance Handbook

International Capital Market Association
ICMA’s June 2025 Guidance Handbook clarifies practical application of Green, Social, Sustainability and Sustainability-Linked Bond Principles, covering use of proceeds, governance, reporting, verification and market issues. It supports consistent labelling, transparency and market integrity across sustainable debt instruments.
Research
24 June 2025

Mainstreaming impact investing report

Mindful Money
The report examines the mainstreaming of impact investing, highlighting market growth, increasing institutional participation, evolving standards, and measurement challenges. It outlines barriers to scale and proposes actions to improve integration, transparency, and credibility across investment markets.
Research
2 February 2024

Maximising Australia’s green growth: Leveraging trade and aid policy to drive Australia’s green exports agenda

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
The report assesses risks to Australia’s fossil fuel exports and outlines how aligned trade, aid and climate finance policies can build demand for green exports. It proposes sustainable growth partnerships in the Indo-Pacific to secure markets, attract investment and support regional decarbonisation.
Research
5 January 2025

A policy advocacy and collective action toolkit for business: Strategies and resources for impact businesses B corps B locals and B networks

B Lab U.S. & Canada
This toolkit outlines how B Corps and impact businesses can engage in responsible policy advocacy and collective action. It provides guidance, standards, case studies and practical resources to support stakeholder-focused, climate-just and equitable economic systems through transparent lobbying and collaboration.
Research
16 May 2025

Forecasting the fallout from AMR: Economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance in humans

The World Bank
This report analyses AMR's economic impacts, projecting US$159 billion annual health costs by 2050 in business-as-usual scenario. Interventions like better treatment and new antibiotics could save US$97 billion in costs, add US$960 billion to GDP, at US$63 billion yearly cost with 281 ROI.​
Research
25 September 2024

Moving forward imagining a sustainable transport system

New Economics Foundation
The report outlines a universal basic services approach to UK transport, highlighting inequitable access, high emissions, and car dependence. It assesses current government reforms and recommends long-term, publicly oriented investment to expand affordable, integrated, low-carbon mobility, prioritising public transport and active travel within environmental limits.
Research
18 December 2024

Climate finance for low carbon transport: Developing effective transport financing mechanisms for Asia and the Pacific

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
This ESCAP policy brief examines climate finance options for scaling low-carbon transport in Asia–Pacific. It assesses funding gaps, barriers, and mechanisms—including subsidies, carbon pricing, green bonds, PPPs, and international finance—and recommends policy alignment, capacity building, investor matching, and diversified financing to accelerate investment.
Research
12 March 2024
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