The expected return of green securities relative to brown is a crucial impact measure for ESG investors, and the greenium is more negative in greener countries and over time. The equity greenium has become more negative over time. The proposed robust green score combined with forward-looking expected returns yields a more precisely estimated annual equity greenium.

The 2024 XDI report ranks over 2,600 regions worldwide according to the projected damage to the built environment from extreme weather and climate change, including floods, wildfires and sea-level rises, and which of these regions are likely to see the largest escalation in damage from 1990 to 2050.

This 2024 framework of four principles and guidance for organisations and standard bodies involved in offsetting practices. The revised principles emphasise the need for urgency in the reduction of emissions and the closing of the carbon removal gap, while maintaining transparency and integrity in all projects.

The report explores the risks and impact of climate change on a global scale. The report emphasises the need for a realistic risk assessment urgently and laying out a blueprint on developing a Planetary Solvency framework.

This report provides a comprehensive material flow account for Australia in 2019 to support the assessment of its circular economy progress. The report highlights key areas where policy interventions can improve material intensity, resource efficiency, and waste minimisation. It also evaluates Australia's circularity indicators and performs well on three proposed indicators.

The global bond market is crucial for the achievement of the Paris Agreement's climate goals. This report analyses the alignment of corporate bonds with these goals while identifying challenges and proposing potential solutions, including the use of asset-level data and revaluation of benchmarks.

This report discusses five sustainability trends that could impact investment portfolios over the long-term: climate change, multi-stakeholder driven society, resource degradation, demographic challenges, and technological revolution. The paper provides thought-provoking insight on the impacts of sustainability trends have on investment performance and how they are evolving investment decision-making frameworks.

This report explores transformational investment while arguing that the global economy is under threat from long-term systemic risks. Rich Nuzum, President of Investments and Retirement at Mercer, called on institutional investors to help mitigate the risks through "long-term thinking" and "constructively tackling complicated problems".

This is a comprehensive and practical handbook by Transnational Institute and Institute for Policy Studies. This report outlines how to democratically marshal financial resources for a Global Green New Deal and to green the financial institutions by focusing on central banking, private banks, and financial markets towards tackling climate chaos.

Financial institutions (FI) across the world are increasingly recognising the risks and opportunities connected to coal, and many are reducing their exposure to the industry. The number of FIs withdrawing from coal is rapidly increasing, and this report catalogues the global trend towards coal withdrawal.

This essay provides a new framework for sustainable finance. The author argues that sustainable finance considers financial, social, and environmental returns in combination and develops guidelines for governing sustainable finance. Major obstacles are short-termism and insufficient private efforts.

This study finds that communicating the scientific consensus on climate change increases understanding and engagement. Consensus messaging leads to updated beliefs across diverse audiences, with 40% of the original effect lasting 26 days. The treatment effect is most durable for those doubtful or dismissive of climate change.

This 2019 report analyses the sustainability strategies of 35 ASEAN banks based on environmental, social and governance indicators. This year's update highlights the increasing recognition of ESG integration into mainstream finance, although progress must be made, particularly in climate-related risk management.

This report outlines a five-part framework for investors to align their investments with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It includes incorporating ESG issues into investment analysis and decision-making, being active owners, promoting acceptance of the framework, and reporting on progress.

This report defines social norms as the perceived unwritten rules deemed acceptable and influential in guiding human behaviour within a community. Social norms can be beneficial or harmful and influence collective change. The report distinguishes injunctive norms, descriptive norms, moral norms, and attitudes to establish behaviour change interventions.

Investors care about sustainable investments, but not enough to pay substantially more for more impact. A framed field experiment revealed investors’ preference was an emotional rather than a calculative valuation of impact. This preference is driving the market, as managers provide little quantitative evidence of sustainability impact, according to the report.