There is consistent evidence of financial services contributing to improved well-being, yet the influence of contextual factors is largely unknown. The theory of change framework identifies several knowledge gaps that funders/researchers can address to develop a more accurate prediction of when financial inclusion policy will generate positive wellbeing outcomes.

The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) is an independent think tank that works to empower poor people to build resilience and capture opportunities through financial services. CGAP is a global partnership of more than 30 leading development organisations working to advance the lives of poor people, especially women, through financial inclusion.

This toolkit guides investors on how to assess a company’s relationship with Indigenous stakeholders and its respect for their cultural heritage. The toolkit explains the impact of those issues on long-term financial value before providing detailed guidance on what investors should look for in a company's disclosure and engagement practices.

Banks continue to finance the global plastics chain, despite the significant risks of lender liability from the impacts of plastic waste. This report highlights the lack of development of any due diligence systems, contingent loan criteria, or financing exclusions at the banks when it comes to the plastic packaging industry.

This report explores the contribution of the banking sector to the biodiversity crisis and the destruction of nature as of 2019. The report ranks the 50 largest banks globally based on their financing of unethical operations, finding a large impact on deforestation, ecosystem destruction and overfishing.

Portfolio Earth is a collective of individuals working to highlight the finance industry’s harmful impact on the environment. It raises awareness of the banking sector’s contribution to environmental degradation with issues including the global biodiversity crisis and plastic packaging pollution.

Addresses the concept of civic energy concerning the municipal ownership of energy systems in the UK and Germany by contrasting their banking systems to demonstrate how social and cultural values have shaped the civic energy sector. In turn, this demonstrates the importance of financial institutions in the low-carbon transition.

Loan Syndications and Trading Association (LSTA) is the trade association, research, standards setting and policy voice for the syndicated corporate loan industry in the United States. LSTA aims to foster fair market practices and promote the highest degree of confidence for investors in floating rate corporate loans.

This report delves into the challenges and degrees of risk facing the oil, gas and thermal coal industry under three different climate scenarios. It was conducted as part of the ET Risk Project funded by the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

This report discusses and identifies climate change related litigation risks as drivers and consequences of an energy transition. It presents a taxonomy of those risks and analyses them in the broader context of the financial risk associated with them.

Provides targeted guidance for minority shareholders with investments in public equities and limited partners in private equities on how to identify, prevent, and mitigate risks to human rights defenders throughout their investments. Human rights defenders are individuals who, individually or with others, act peacefully to promote or protect human rights.

This report examines the concept of inclusive business as a means of enabling disadvantaged populations to participate in economic activity and share economic value. The report provides a comprehensive discussion of what an inclusive business initiative comprises and contains examples showing how they address social challenges.

This report focuses on the perceived purpose-gap in the banking sector wherein banks are not fulfilling their role to create positive economic, social and environmental outcomes. Filling this gap requires leveraging ‘systemic intrapreneurs’ within organisations to holistically shift banking strategy.

United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) has improved financial inclusion, through implementing its Expanding Financial Access and Digital and Financial Literacy (REFAD) program in Rwanda, and by working with local partners to help cater digital financial solutions and improve financial literacy for rural and refugee communities.

United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) offer finance models for households and small enterprises in least developed countries (LDCs). The financing models work through two core channels which are financial inclusion and localised investments.

This report proposes a framework for financial institutions to consider biodiversity-related liability risks in their broader assessment of financial risks associated with biodiversity. Understanding the potential of liability risks will help financial institutions identify, price and mitigate the direct and indirect impacts of biodiversity-related risks.