The UNEP/GRID-Geneva Disaster Risk Platform offers an interactive global interface for analysing exposure, vulnerability and hazard data. It aids evidence-based decision-making by mapping natural risks and socio-economic factors, supporting resilient development and risk-informed finance.

The Environmental Hotspots tool by UNEP offers an interactive map of high-risk ecological zones worldwide, allowing users to explore environmental pressures across sectors (e.g. ecosystems, resource extraction).

The ESA WorldCover viewer offers an interactive web-map of global land cover at 10 m resolution, enabling overlay of Sentinel-1/2 composites, statistics by region, and download of data tiles, all without software installation.

European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s intergovernmental organisation dedicated to space exploration, Earth observation, satellite navigation, and technological innovation. ESA collaborates with international partners, coordinates high-profile missions, and supports science, space safety and industry growth across member states.

WorldCover offers free, high-resolution global land cover maps at 10 m resolution for 2020 and 2021, via Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, under Creative Commons license. It supports environmental monitoring, climate research, land-use planning and biodiversity analysis.

The Opportunity Mapping tool by UNEP/GRID overlays global data on ecosystem distribution and human exposure to hazards, pinpointing areas where ecosystem protection or restoration may reduce disaster risk and protect the greatest number of people.

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) is Germany’s national geological survey, advising the federal government on geoscience and raw materials. It undertakes research in earth sciences, resource management, geodata systems and sustainability. Located in Hannover, BGR coordinates national geoscientific data infrastructure and policy.

This report reviews research on climate finance, focusing on how climate risks affect financial markets. It discusses theoretical models and empirical evidence on pricing climate risk in equities, bonds, housing, and mortgages, and explores portfolio strategies for hedging. Future research directions in modelling, measurement, and financial stability are highlighted.

This report examines the link between shareholder rights and corporate performance in the 1990s. Using a Governance Index across 1,500 firms, it finds that stronger shareholder rights were associated with higher valuations, profits, and growth, while weaker rights correlated with lower performance and abnormal underperformance.

This report examines how investor and manager motivations—driven by either financial value or personal values—shape sustainable finance and ESG practices. It highlights definitional ambiguities, performance debates, and cultural differences, calling for clearer research to distinguish pecuniary risk-return considerations from non-pecuniary preferences in ESG investing.

The report outlines the fourth edition of the Science Based Targets initiative’s target-setting protocol. It provides updated guidance, criteria, and methodology for companies to set near-term science-based greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, aligning with 1.5°C pathways and incorporating broader coverage across sectors, geographies, and organisational boundaries.

This report reviews global ESG and responsible investing practices, focusing on definitions, regulation, climate finance, and institutional investor roles. It evaluates evidence from academic research and PRI data, highlighting investor influence, governance, and engagement strategies, while noting challenges around ratings, greenwashing, and measuring real outcomes.

This report analyses the link between ESG integration and global investor returns, drawing on cross-regional data and sector comparisons. It assesses how environmental, social, and governance factors correlate with performance, highlighting variations across markets and asset classes. The study provides evidence-based insights on ESG’s financial materiality for investors worldwide.

The IMPACT2C web‑atlas is an interactive, open‑access platform that visualises the projected impacts of a +2 °C global warming across Europe and key vulnerable regions. It presents harmonised, model‑based findings—via maps, texts, and storylines—across sectors such as climate, water, energy, health, agriculture and coasts.

The Aotearoa New Zealand Climate Standards series is a benchmark series issued by the External Reporting Board. It sets out the framework for climate-related disclosures, including governance, strategy, risk management, metrics and targets, adoption provisions, and general requirements. The series provides entities with a consistent structure to report climate-related risks and opportunities.

External Reporting Board (XRB) is an independent Crown entity in New Zealand that develops and issues accounting, auditing & assurance, and climate reporting standards. XRB ensures trusted, high-quality, integrated reporting across public, private and not-for-profit sectors to promote transparency, accountability and support informed decision-making.