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SDG action manager technical guide

United Nations Global Compact
This guide provides businesses with a web-based impact management solution to take action on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through 2030. The guide describes the overall structure, module design, baseline module, SDG-specific modules, scoring methodology, and development process of the SDG Action Manager in a concise manner.
Research
18 January 2020

Physical risk framework: Understanding the impacts of climate change on real estate lending and investment portfolios

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
This report provides lenders and investors with a four-step process to assess the physical impact of climate change on their real estate and infrastructure portfolios. The report emphasises the importance of using insurers’ extreme weather models within this framework to estimate natural catastrophe risks.
Research
16 February 2019

In search of impact: Measuring the full value of capital

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
This report outlines a sustainable investment framework, designed to empower individuals and organisations to better understand and make informed investment choices. The framework utilises six themes to communicate the impact of financial flows into the economy and contains theoretically grounded metrics that can be practically applied.
Research
28 August 2019

Investor ESG guide on private security and human rights

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This investor guide highlights that private security-related adverse human rights impacts are common and typically include excessive use of force, unfair working conditions and sexual exploitation. As fiduciaries, institutional investors are obligated to identify and mitigate these potential adverse impacts.
Research
30 January 2024

Guidance and questionnaire for assessing client sustainability preferences and motivations

Sustainable Finance Observatory
This report presents guidelines for investment firms to assess client sustainability preferences and motivations, and select financial products accordingly. The guidance outlines a three-step process toward a product recommendation and identifies keyword categories of sustainability preferences and motivational characteristics.
Research
20 September 2023

A sustainable finance policy engagement handbook

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
This handbook introduces six principles outlining institutional investors' commitment to incorporate ESG issues in investment analysis, ownership policies and practices, and promotion of acceptance and implementation of the Principles. The report explains how responsible investors can engage with policymakers to promote a sustainable financial system.
Research
25 November 2022

Impact investing in biodiversity conservation with bonds: An analysis of financial and environmental risk

This report examines the financial and environmental risks associated with impact investing in biodiversity conservation through bonds. It evaluates five case studies, analysing the projects' theories of change, potential risks, and mitigation strategies. The findings highlight complexities in achieving both financial returns and conservation impact, with concerns about vague metrics and project uncertainties.
Research
21 May 2022

Investing for outcomes: Why impact is relevant beyond impact investing

Citi
This report explores the importance of measuring the impact of investing activities, particularly in the increasingly popular field of impact investing. It discusses the use of data to assess a company's social and environmental footprint, the role of taxonomies in impact investing, and the rise of impact awareness.
Research
19 April 2022

Impact investing for pensions

Impact Investor
This report analyses the growth of impact investing strategies among European pension funds. The report examines challenges and opportunities, regulatory restrictions, impact measurement and management, private equity case studies, and emerging investments in affordable and social housing.
Research
1 May 2023

Gender bonds: A toolkit for the design and issuance of gender bonds in Africa

Parallelle Finance
This toolkit was prepared to design and issue gender bonds in Africa. It provides recommendations for issuers and investors on the issuance and monitoring of gender bonds with a focus on transparency and reporting.
Research
17 February 2024

Full disclosure: Improving corporate reporting on climate risk

Investor Group on Climate Change
This report summarises how investors utilize corporate reporting to manage climate-related financial risks, identify opportunities, and set strategies for transitioning to net-zero emissions. The report contains investors' expectations from climate reports, insights on scenario analysis, and recommendations for improving corporate disclosure on climate risks.
Research
19 August 2020

Sustainability bond framework

Ministry of Finance (Government of Luxembourg)
This sustainability bond framework was published to finance expenditures supporting green and social categories compliant with eligibility criteria. The framework adheres to the highest standards of environmental and social impact reporting.
Research
31 August 2020

Financing environmental and energy transitions for regions and cities: Creating local solutions for global challenges

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
This report presents recommendations for bridging the gap between financial institutions' lack of structures for local initiatives and subnational governments' lack of knowledge to take that role. It proposes adapting finance data to include integrated value.
Research
9 March 2020

Sustainable voting behaviour of asset managers: Do they walk the walk?

This paper analyses a decade of voting data with more than 20 million observations to investigate asset manager characteristics that influence environmental, social and governance (ESG) voting patterns. Asset managers mostly vote against social and environmental proposals. Despite increased attention to sustainability, asset managers hardly voted in favour of these proposals.
Research
24 February 2021

Sustainable investing capabilities of private banks

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)
This report presents the findings of research into the sustainable investing capabilities of private banks, including governance, sustainability risk, and client interactions. The report notes progress among leading banks but highlights the need for continuing education for client advisors and improved ESG and impact reporting and monitoring capabilities.
Research
26 May 2022

Who pays for sustainability? An analysis of sustainability-linked bonds

This paper analyses sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs), which tie bond coupons to sustainability performance targets. They find issuing an SLB yields an average premium of -9 basis points on the yield at issue compared to a conventional bond, and the savings for an issuer exceed the maximum penalty for failure to meet the target.
Research
9 February 2022
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