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Impact investing in biodiversity conservation with bonds: An analysis of financial and environmental risk

This report examines the financial and environmental risks associated with impact investing in biodiversity conservation through bonds. It evaluates five case studies, analysing the projects' theories of change, potential risks, and mitigation strategies. The findings highlight complexities in achieving both financial returns and conservation impact, with concerns about vague metrics and project uncertainties.
Research
21 May 2022

Investing for outcomes: Why impact is relevant beyond impact investing

Citi
This report explores the importance of measuring the impact of investing activities, particularly in the increasingly popular field of impact investing. It discusses the use of data to assess a company's social and environmental footprint, the role of taxonomies in impact investing, and the rise of impact awareness.
Research
19 April 2022

Impact investing for pensions

Impact Investor
This report analyses the growth of impact investing strategies among European pension funds. The report examines challenges and opportunities, regulatory restrictions, impact measurement and management, private equity case studies, and emerging investments in affordable and social housing.
Research
1 May 2023

Gender bonds: A toolkit for the design and issuance of gender bonds in Africa

Parallelle Finance
This toolkit was prepared to design and issue gender bonds in Africa. It provides recommendations for issuers and investors on the issuance and monitoring of gender bonds with a focus on transparency and reporting.
Research
17 February 2024

Full disclosure: Improving corporate reporting on climate risk

Investor Group on Climate Change
This report summarises how investors utilize corporate reporting to manage climate-related financial risks, identify opportunities, and set strategies for transitioning to net-zero emissions. The report contains investors' expectations from climate reports, insights on scenario analysis, and recommendations for improving corporate disclosure on climate risks.
Research
19 August 2020

Sustainability bond framework

Ministry of Finance (Government of Luxembourg)
This sustainability bond framework was published to finance expenditures supporting green and social categories compliant with eligibility criteria. The framework adheres to the highest standards of environmental and social impact reporting.
Research
31 August 2020

Financing environmental and energy transitions for regions and cities: Creating local solutions for global challenges

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
This report presents recommendations for bridging the gap between financial institutions' lack of structures for local initiatives and subnational governments' lack of knowledge to take that role. It proposes adapting finance data to include integrated value.
Research
9 March 2020

Sustainable voting behaviour of asset managers: Do they walk the walk?

This paper analyses a decade of voting data with more than 20 million observations to investigate asset manager characteristics that influence environmental, social and governance (ESG) voting patterns. Asset managers mostly vote against social and environmental proposals. Despite increased attention to sustainability, asset managers hardly voted in favour of these proposals.
Research
24 February 2021

Sustainable investing capabilities of private banks

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)
This report presents the findings of research into the sustainable investing capabilities of private banks, including governance, sustainability risk, and client interactions. The report notes progress among leading banks but highlights the need for continuing education for client advisors and improved ESG and impact reporting and monitoring capabilities.
Research
26 May 2022

Who pays for sustainability? An analysis of sustainability-linked bonds

This paper analyses sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs), which tie bond coupons to sustainability performance targets. They find issuing an SLB yields an average premium of -9 basis points on the yield at issue compared to a conventional bond, and the savings for an issuer exceed the maximum penalty for failure to meet the target.
Research
9 February 2022

The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the financial industry

Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials
The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry by Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) provides a framework for measuring and disclosing greenhouse gas emissions. It helps financial institutions enhance transparency, assess climate risks, and support sustainable investment decisions, promoting accountability and impactful environmental actions.
Benchmark/series

Financing the corporate climate transition with bonds: A step-by-step guide to issuing a corporate bond to finance the climate transition

Climate Bonds Initiative
This report is a step-by-step guide to help corporations issue bonds to finance the transition to a climate-friendly economy. It covers key financing terms, the issuance process, and reporting requirements.
Research
15 November 2023

Parallelle Finance

Commercial Research Providers
Explore Parallelle Finance's expertise in ESG investing, with a focus on gender lens investing. Gain insights from their detailed quarterly reports on women in the global economy. Benefit from their analysis tool for scoring investments with a gender equality lens, complemented by consulting and training sessions for impactful diversity-centered investing.
Organisation
1 research item

Toward a G20 framework for artificial intelligence in the workplace

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This report advocates for creating a high-level, G20 framework using a set of principles for the introduction and management of big data and AI in the workplace. The paper identifies main issues and suggests two paths towards adoption.
Research
29 June 2018

The state of AI in 2022 - and a half decade in review

McKinsey & Company
The adoption of AI has more than doubled, with a peak of 58% in past years. The report highlights the importance of best practices and investing in AI as it is shown to bring financial returns. However, the majority of organisations are not mitigating risks associated with AI despite increasing use.
Research
31 December 2022

The implications of AI across sectors and against 6 key ESG considerations

CSIRO
AI offers great positive impacts and risks. This report helps to understand the risks associated with developing and using AI tech. Scoping exercise identifies opportunities and threats across sectors. Six core ESG considerations including trust and security, data privacy, and sentience are evaluated for potential impact.
Research
17 May 2023
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