The aim of this paper is to create transparency regarding the current understandings of the circular economy concept. The findings indicate that the circular economy is most frequently depicted as a combination of reduce, reuse and recycle activities. Concerningly, many definitions overlook that circular economy necessitates a systemic shift.

The practice of greenwashing is a key regulatory concern in the UK, EU and globally. Greenwashing involves making misleading statements about sustainable products. This report examines how greenwashing occurs and the regulatory initiatives that have emerged to combat this. The report provides five steps firms can take to prevent greenwashing.

This report is a study of the enabling environment for financial inclusion in 55 low to middle income countries. It focuses on the role of financial inclusion in terms of how governments in those countries responded to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This report emphasises that investors should recognise their leverage towards addressing modern slavery risks in their financial activities, including investment portfolios and their supply chains. The report is part of a wider supply chain transparency project to advocate for Modern Slavery Acts globally, by engaging governments and partnering with businesses.

This report provides practical guidance from non-governmental organisations with expertise in modern slavery for commercial organisations reporting under the UK Modern Slavery Act. It provides a business case for business action on modern slavery in supply chains that goes beyond minimum compliance to achieving positive change on slavery and forced labour.

This report provides a guide on how to identify and treat human rights violations in the financial services sector. It is broken down into four parts to help the sector address modern slavery risks and develop more transparent reporting practices.

This paper makes the investment case for businesses and investors alike to implement policies that align with the latest science on climate change. It provides a framework that stakeholders can use to mitigate climate risks and manage the transition to a net-zero carbon economy by 2050.

IEEFA report highlights AIA's discrepancies on its climate change commitments as visible from the carbon footprint of its portfolio. AIA, one of the world's largest financial firms and one of Asia's largest insurers, is estimated to hold up to US$6 billion in coal and coal-fired investments despite commitment to three global climate accords.

Australian Government guidance to entities reporting under the Modern Slavery Act 2018. The guidance provides information on what is modern slavery, how it might impact on reporting entities, what obligations entities have under the Act, and how to report against mandatory criteria using case studies as illustrations.

Financial institutions consider cluster munitions companies as inappropriate business partners and have made efforts to restrict their investment. Unfortunately, their policies contain loopholes that could still allow their financing. Several steps have been introduced in order to help analyse a financial institution's policy and prevent cluster munitions exposure in portfolios.

This report outlines how investors can identify whether certain companies are at a heightened risk as a result of extreme weather events. Additionally, it addresses how communications between corporate companies and investors can mitigate these risks and respond accordingly, thus promoting better adaptability to the financial risks of climate change.

This report aims to integrate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the business reporting process. This is done by providing perspectives and recommendations on key parameters to effectively inform investor decision-making processes. This report builds on current available disclosures and does not intend to create a new reporting framework.