This study tests open-ended survey methods for eliciting individual climate policy narratives using the Narrative Policy Framework. In a small, liberal US sample (n=88), problem-focused questions generated more complete narratives. Narrative elements varied by ideology, education and media use, supporting the ‘homo narrans’ assumption.

This McKinsey Global Institute report assesses current and projected costs of adapting to heat, drought, flooding and wildfires under a 2°C warming scenario. It estimates $190 billion is spent annually today, rising to $1.2 trillion by 2050 for developed-economy protection standards, with benefits outweighing costs.

Future Energy Scenarios 2025 provides independent pathways for Great Britain’s energy system to reach net zero by 2050. It models demand, supply, flexibility and emissions across electricity, gas and hydrogen, assessing costs, infrastructure needs, carbon budgets and policy choices under varying levels of electrification, hydrogen deployment and consumer engagement.

This report analyses global coal supply, demand, trade and prices to 2030. It assesses regional consumption trends across power and industry, production outlooks for major exporters, policy and decarbonisation impacts, and market risks. Forecasts highlight shifting Asian demand, plateauing global use, and implications for investment and energy security.

This guide explains key terms related to fundamental principles and rights at work, including freedom of association, collective bargaining, forced and child labour, discrimination and living wages. It outlines links to trade, supply chains, due diligence and international labour standards, supporting consistent interpretation in policy and corporate practice.

This benchmark series examines the gap between governments’ planned fossil fuel production and pathways consistent with international climate goals. It assesses alignment with temperature limits by reviewing national production plans and policy signals, providing a consistent framework to track progress and comparability across editions.

This report analyses ecosystem tipping points as systemic risks to economies and financial systems, highlighting non-linear, irreversible ecosystem collapse. It finds current models underestimate impacts and urges precautionary, ecosystem-focused policy and financial regulation to protect price and financial stability.

The report analyses bank and investor financing of LNG expansion, finding US$213 billion in bank support and US$252 billion in investor exposure since 2021. It concludes this financing drives overcapacity, climate risk and misalignment with 1.5 °C pathways.

This IPBES–IPCC workshop report examines interlinkages between biodiversity, climate change and society, identifying synergies, trade-offs and risks. It assesses mitigation and adaptation impacts on ecosystems and people, and outlines integrated, nature-based solutions to inform climate and biodiversity policy and governance.

The IEA’s Energy and AI report examines AI’s rising electricity demand and its capacity to improve energy efficiency, security and innovation. It assesses data centres, grids and end-uses, highlighting skills, infrastructure and policy needs to manage costs, emissions and resilience globally.

This guideline provides practical guidance for cooling manufacturers to achieve Net Zero by 2050, outlining emissions hotspots, regulatory drivers and decarbonisation levers across Scopes 1–3, with emphasis on efficiency, low-GWP refrigerants, value-chain collaboration and science-based targets.

Forest Carbon and Climate Program (FCCP) at Michigan State University advances research, education and professional training on forest carbon, climate change and sustainable forest management.
FCCP delivers courses, events and applied insights supporting climate-smart forestry, carbon markets and land-use decision-making worldwide.

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is a global body strengthening links between science and policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services. It delivers authoritative assessments, tools and capacity-building to inform decision-making, manage nature-related risks, and support sustainable development worldwide for governments, finance, business and civil society globally.

Milieudefensie (Friends of the Earth Netherlands) is a Dutch environmental organisation tackling climate change, pollution and corporate accountability since 1971. It mobilises supporters through campaigns, research and legal action to push businesses and government towards climate justice and sustainable policies. Headquartered in Amsterdam with a strong grassroots network.

This article argues the global food system is the largest source of human-caused methane and deserves far more policy and funding attention. It maps key emission “hot spots”—ruminant livestock, food waste in landfills, biomass burning, and flooded rice fields—and outlines practical mitigation options from dietary shifts to landfill capture and improved rice management.

Assessing Sovereign Climate-related Opportunities and Risks (ASCOR) is a benchmark series that provides an investor-led framework to assess how sovereigns manage climate-related risks and opportunities. It supports sovereign bond analysis, engagement, and comparison by evaluating national policies, emissions pathways, and climate finance using transparent, publicly available information.