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The purpose of investor stewardship

This paper critically examines investor stewardship, shifting from traditional shareholder-focused governance towards "enlightened stewardship." It advocates balancing fiduciary duties with broader societal and environmental considerations. Analysing the evolution of the UK Stewardship Code, it highlights a systemic shift to integrate sustainability and stakeholder concerns alongside financial returns for long-term value creation.
Research
23 January 2025

Closing the gap: Investing in natural capital to meet the SDGs

Green Growth Knowledge Partnership
The report analyses the investment required to address the natural capital gap for achieving Sustainable Development Goals in 40 countries, finding that investing US$7.4 trillion could generate returns exceeding US$152 trillion, greatly benefiting air quality, human health, ecosystems, and reducing premature deaths and resource depletion globally.
Research
4 June 2024

Between impact and returns: Private investors and the sustainable development goals

Wealthy private investors increasingly align their portfolios with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), seeking both measurable impact and financial returns. Investors favour SDGs linked to higher expected profits, leading to underinvestment in less profitable goals. Findings are based on portfolio data, surveys, and interviews with 60 high-net-worth individuals.
Research
11 April 2022

Conservation investment blueprint: Forest landscape conservation, restoration, and sustainable timber production

This blueprint contributes to the conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems – achieved by investors purchasing forests, or purchasing land and reforesting; with the express goal of sustainably managing those forests in adherence to relevant sustainability or management certifications.
Research
10 January 2019

The race against time for smarter development: To be smart, the digital revolution will need to be inclusive

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
The report underscores the need for inclusivity in the digital revolution, highlighting gender disparities in STEM fields. Women are underrepresented in digital and engineering roles, limiting their access to future job opportunities. Policy interventions, improved workplace conditions, and equitable funding are essential to fostering diversity in technological innovation and ensuring sustainable, inclusive development.
Research
27 June 2021

The CARE Principles for Indigenous data governance

The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance emphasise collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, and ethics to safeguard Indigenous data rights while promoting equitable participation. These principles complement FAIR data guidelines, ensuring data use aligns with Indigenous values, self-determination, and innovation in research and governance.
Research
24 October 2020

GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024

Global Reporting Initiative
The GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 report establishes a framework for organisations to disclose their biodiversity impacts and management practices. Effective from 1 January 2026, the standard outlines disclosure requirements across biodiversity policies, impact management, ecosystem services, and compliance. It aligns with global sustainability goals, emphasising mitigation hierarchies and stakeholder engagement for transparency and ecological accountability.
Research
25 January 2024

Guidance on the identification and assessment of nature related issues: The LEAP approach

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
This document provides corporates and financial institutions with guidance on identifying and assessing nature-related issues using the TNFD proposed LEAP approach.
Research
25 October 2023

Unlocking the biodiversity-climate nexus - A practitioner's guide for financial institutions

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
This investor guide presents three steps that financial institutions can follow to use existing tools and datasets to screen investments for exposure to nature-related risks, taking into consideration the climate-nature nexus. The guide was written by financial institutions for financial institutions.
Research
13 October 2023

Nature target setting framework for asset managers and asset owners

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
The framework seeks to create a shared understanding and common language for investors on target setting, while steering private financial flows in alignment with the mission of the Global Biodiversity Framework to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. It focuses on listed equity and corporate bonds.
Research
3 July 2024

Let's discuss nature with climate: Engagement guide

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
This guide supports investors in integrating nature and climate considerations into investment strategies. It offers insights and frameworks for addressing the interconnected challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, promoting holistic and sustainable investment approaches.
Research
30 September 2023

Pensions in the age of artificial intelligence

CFA Institute
The report explores how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can address challenges in global pension systems. It highlights AI's potential to enhance governance, personalisation, fraud prevention, and investment strategies while emphasising ethical implementation and data privacy considerations to optimise retirement outcomes and ensure system sustainability.
Research
17 December 2024

Environmental impact of digital assets

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The report highlights the environmental impact of digital assets, focusing on energy-intensive proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanisms in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. It underscores significant carbon emissions and advocates transitioning to less energy-demanding models, renewable energy use, and cross-border cooperation. Policy recommendations include targeted regulation, enhanced data transparency, and leveraging distributed ledger technologies for sustainable finance.
Research
1 December 2022

Financing transformations: A guide to green building for green bonds and green loans

Green Building Council of Australia
The report provides a guide to sustainable finance in the real estate sector, focusing on green building projects eligible for green bonds and loans. It details key principles, certification frameworks like BREEAM and LEED, and sustainable finance's role in addressing climate action, resource efficiency, and social impact.
Research
4 November 2024

Harnessing digital finance for sustainability: An integrative review and research agenda

The report reviews the role of digital finance in advancing sustainability goals through bibliometric and thematic analysis of 168 studies. It identifies key themes like financial inclusion, green finance, and fintech, proposing a conceptual framework to align digital innovation with sustainable development, fostering eco-friendly investments, and promoting global financial inclusion.
Research
30 November 2024

The hidden environmental cost of cryptocurrency: How Bitcoin mining impacts climate, water and land

United Nations (UN)
Bitcoin mining has significant environmental impacts, driven by its reliance on electricity-intensive processes. In 2020-2021, mining consumed 173 TWh of electricity, primarily from fossil fuels, and emitted 86 Mt CO2, contributing to climate change, water scarcity, and land use issues. Global regulatory action is urgently needed.
Research
20 November 2023
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