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Implicit versus explicit contracting in executive compensation for environmental and social performance

This study analyses how explicit and implicit executive compensation schemes linked to environmental and social (ES) targets affect corporate ES performance. Explicit schemes, with measurable targets, enhance precise outcomes like emissions reduction. Implicit schemes, relying on subjective assessment, excel in areas with vague metrics, such as community engagement.
Research
15 October 2024

Net zero policy matters: Assessing progress and taking stock of corporate and financial net zero policy reform

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
The report evaluates progress in corporate and financial net zero policies across G20 nations. It highlights uneven adoption, notable gaps in ambition, and policy divergence. While disclosure and taxonomies advance, integration of just transition, adaptation, and nature remains limited. The report calls for global alignment to meet 1.5°C targets.
Research
14 November 2024

Biodiversity footprint for financial institutions: Exploring biodiversity assessment

The BFFI was designed to provide an overall assessment of the biodiversity footprint of the economic activities in which a financial institution is investing. This methodology paper outlines the steps involved in conducting a biodiversity footprinting assessment using the methods recommended by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency.
Research
16 July 2021

Forecast policy scenario + nature: Preparing financial markets for climate- & nature-related policy & regulatory risks

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
Integrated climate and nature policy forecasting data and matrix, developed by Inevitable Policy Response, downloaded through the PRI. The document outlines forecasted policy responses that include both nature and climate policies.
Research
7 January 2023

Artificial intelligence and big holdings data: Opportunities for central banks

This report explores the potential of artificial intelligence and big holdings data for central banks. It highlights how asset demand systems and AI models improve policy decisions, optimise monetary interventions, and address financial risks. Applications include managing contagion, designing climate stress tests, and identifying crowded trades, enhancing economic resilience.
Research
30 October 2024

Transforming global finance for climate action: Addressing misaligned incentives and unlocking opportunities

Global Sustainable Investment Alliance
The report identifies systemic barriers preventing the flow of capital to climate-positive projects. It introduces the PIVOT framework, outlining policy vacuum, misaligned incentives, valuation challenges, inactive ownership, and transition misalignment. The report provides actionable solutions for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders to align finance with the Paris Agreement.
Research
14 November 2024

Frontierra

Commercial Research Providers
Frontierra is an environmental geospatial consultancy specialising in analysing nature-related risks, focusing on biodiversity and deforestation. They utilise geospatial data and satellite monitoring to bridge the information gap between organisations and their environmental impacts. Their services support compliance with legislation, assist in corporate sustainability reporting, and help meet climate change commitments.
Organisation
2 research items

The Good Food Institute (GFI)

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Good Food Institute (GFI) is a nonprofit think tank advancing plant-based, cultivated, and fermentation-derived proteins to create a sustainable, secure, and just global food system. By promoting alternative proteins, GFI aims to reduce environmental impact, enhance global health, and improve food security.
Organisation
1 research item

Topo Finance's the carbon bankroll series

Topo Finance
This series explores how corporate cash and investments drive substantial carbon emissions through the financial system. It highlights the overlooked climate impact of cash held by corporations and offers insights for companies aiming to decarbonise their financial practices. The series provides guidance to help organisations align their financial management with climate goals, enabling proactive, systemic climate action.
Benchmark/series

Generative AI, the American worker, and the future of work

The report examines the impact of generative AI on American jobs, noting significant disruption in both cognitive and nonroutine tasks, particularly in middle- and high-wage sectors. It highlights the need for policies that engage workers in AI’s deployment, enhance worker rights, and ensure AI-driven advancements benefit workers while minimising risks.
Research
10 October 2024

Nature Positive Initiative

Other
Nature Positive is an initiative aimed at driving action towards reversing nature loss. It unites businesses, NGOs, and governments to promote nature-positive practices. The initiative offers tools and resources to enhance biodiversity and environmental stewardship, fostering a collaborative approach to address pressing ecological challenges. Join to make a sustainable impact.
Organisation

Forest Declaration Assessment

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Forest Declaration Assessment is a global initiative aimed at halting deforestation and promoting sustainable land use. It brings together governments, civil society, and private sector actors to achieve forest conservation goals. The platform fosters collaboration and accountability, helping to drive meaningful action towards sustainable forestry and climate commitments.
Organisation
1 research item

Sustainable investing: Evidence from the field

This report surveys 509 equity portfolio managers on how they integrate environmental and social (ES) factors into investment decisions. Over 75% of respondents, including traditional investors, use ES factors, driven primarily by financial motivations. Constraints such as fund mandates influence these decisions, but most managers avoid sacrificing financial returns for ES performance.
Research
23 September 2024

Modern slavery and remediation - an investor's guide

First Sentier Investors
This guide explores the role of investors in addressing modern slavery within their portfolios. It provides practical steps for identifying risks, engaging investee companies, and enabling remediation when harm occurs. It includes case studies, recommendations, and legal frameworks to help investors meet their obligations and protect human rights.
Research
18 October 2024

Diversity matters even more: The case for holistic impact

McKinsey & Company
This report demonstrates that diverse leadership teams are linked to stronger financial performance, higher social and environmental impact, and more satisfied workforces. Covering data from 1,265 companies across 23 countries, the report highlights that companies with greater gender and ethnic diversity are more likely to outperform peers and contribute to sustainable, inclusive growth.
Research
5 December 2023

The big three and board gender diversity: The effectiveness of shareholder voice

The report analyses how campaigns by major institutional investors significantly boosted gender diversity on corporate boards. From 2017 to 2019, these initiatives increased female directorships by encouraging firms to broaden candidate searches and reduce the focus on executive experience, indicating impactful, non-tokenistic change.
Research
25 November 2020
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