Library | ESG issues
Climate Change
Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.
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Banking on Climate Chaos Coalition (BOCC)
Banking on Climate Chaos Coalition (BOCC) exposes global banks’ financing of fossil fuel projects and tracks lending and underwriting by the world’s largest banks to coal, oil and gas companies. Its annual Banking on Climate Chaos reports highlight fossil fuel finance data, frontline community impacts and drive climate accountability in banking.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a United Nations specialised agency coordinating global cooperation on weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental services. WMO sets international standards, publishes authoritative climate and weather reports, supports early warning systems, and strengthens climate resilience, risk management and scientific data sharing worldwide, across governments and communities.
Climate fiduciaries: part II – the duty of even-handedness
This article explores the fiduciary duty of even-handedness and its implications for climate-aware pension fund investing, focusing on emerging legal challenges in Australia and Canada. It argues that unmanaged climate risk may breach trustees’ obligations to act equitably across generations, particularly where younger members bear disproportionate long-term harm.
Systems-informed stewardship part I: Reshaping sustainable and impact finance through systems thinking
This article introduces systems thinking and explains how it is reshaping sustainable and impact finance by addressing interconnected systemic risks like climate change and inequality. It outlines four emerging applications; from systemic risk management to systems-informed stewardship, highlighting the implications for investors’ roles, tools, and decision-making.
Directors’ duties navigator: Climate risk and sustainability disclosures series
This is a series of legal and governance primers examining directors’ duties and corporate disclosure obligations in relation to climate and sustainability risks. It provides jurisdictional analysis and practical guidance to support board oversight, risk management and reporting as regulatory and market expectations evolve.
Global climate highlights series
This benchmark series provides a recurring, standardised overview of global climate conditions, produced using consistent observational and reanalysis datasets. It tracks changes across key climate indicators to support comparability over time and inform assessment of longer-term climate trends within a recognised reference framework.
City-scale climate hazards at 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C of global warming
City-Scale Climate Hazard Indicators under Warming Scenarios is a global dataset by the World Resources Institute providing projected heat and precipitation hazard indicators for 996 large cities under 1.5°C, 2.0°C and 3.0°C warming scenarios, supporting climate risk and urban planning analysis.
Carbon Majors
Carbon Majors is a public database that quantifies historical and current greenhouse gas emissions attributable to major fossil fuel producers. It provides company-level data, methodologies, and analysis to support climate risk assessment, policy research, and accountability across financial, regulatory, and academic contexts.
Online Climate Scenario Analysis Narrative Tool
An interactive climate financial risk tool developed by the UK Centre for Greening Finance and Investment to support scenario analysis. It enables users to explore climate transition and physical risk pathways for financial decision-making, stress testing, and research, with a focus on climate-related financial impacts.
Positive Tipping Points Toolkit
The Positive Tipping Points Toolkit is an open-access, modular resource that supports analysis and application of positive tipping points in complex systems. It provides practical frameworks, examples and methods to identify leverage points and accelerate self-reinforcing change across social, environmental and economic contexts.
Upright Net Impact Model
Upright Platform offers impact-based ESG analytics that quantify companies’ positive and negative effects across environmental, social and economic dimensions. The S&P 500 ESG preset enables benchmarking of index constituents using monetised impact data to support portfolio analysis and comparability.
Climate Accountability Institute
Climate Accountability Institute (CAI) is a nonprofit research organisation advancing climate accountability through analysis of fossil fuel company emissions. It produces the Carbon Majors database, reports and datasets used by researchers, policymakers and litigators to assess corporate responsibility, climate risk, and transition pathways globally for energy systems and emissions transparency.
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is an independent intergovernmental organisation providing global numerical weather prediction and climate data. ECMWF supports forecasting, climate risk analysis, Copernicus services, research, and decision-making through high-resolution models, reanalysis datasets, and open scientific expertise.
Climate Impact Attribution
Carbon Brief’s Attribution Studies Interactive Map is a searchable database mapping published climate-event attribution research. It shows how climate change influenced the likelihood or severity of extreme weather events globally, categorised by country and event type, with visual indicators of study findings on human-caused warming.
TransitionArc
TransitionArc is a public-facing platform that aggregates leading corporate climate transition data and analysis, enabling comparison of companies’ progress on science-aligned targets and disclosure metrics to support investment, engagement and policy decisions. It streamlines disparate assessments into a coherent view of corporate transition performance
Sustainability Reporting Navigator
Sustainability Reporting Navigator (SRNAV) is an online database and benchmarking platform providing access to over 500 mandatory CSRD sustainability reports, interactive comparison tools and research insights to support systematic analysis of corporate sustainability disclosures. It includes a free benchmarking hub for reports and disclosure data under the EU CSRD regime. Accounting Research Centre (ARC) is a research centre operated within the EAA, created to develop and host research tools and databases such as SRNAV.