Library | ESG issues

Climate Change

Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.

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Limited accountability and awareness of corporate emissions target outcomes

The study analyses 1,041 corporate emissions targets ending in 2020, finding limited accountability. Thirty-one per cent of targets disappeared and 9% failed, with minimal disclosure, media attention or market penalties. By contrast, target announcements improved media sentiment and ESG scores, raising concerns for future climate targets.
Research
21 January 2025

Climate and catastrophe insight series

Aon
The Climate and Catastrophe Insight is an annual research series that provides a consistent global view of natural disaster activity and climate-related catastrophe trends. It examines impacts on people, assets and economies to support risk assessment, resilience planning and long-term decision-making.
Benchmark/series
23 January 2026

The Visionary CEO's Guide to Sustainability: The Power of Pragmatism

Bain & Company
Bain & Company's 2025 sustainability guide for CEOs covering the do-say gap, AI, climate resilience, decarbonization, circular models, and carbon removal markets.
Benchmark/series
1 January 2025

Net Zero Asset Managers' target disclosures series

Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative (NZAM)
The Net Zero Asset Managers Target Disclosures is a reporting series that tracks how participating asset managers set, disclose, and update net zero targets over time. It provides a consistent, initiative-wide view of commitments, disclosure practices, governance arrangements, and methodological approaches across reporting years.
Benchmark/series
31 July 2024

Climate Change News Audience Report: Analysis of News Use and Attitudes in Eight Countries

Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
Annual survey-based report analysing climate change news consumption, trust, political leadership perceptions, AI attitudes, and audience needs across eight countries.
Benchmark/series
1 December 2025

Footprint data foundation

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Footprint Data Foundation (FoDaFo) is a not-for-profit organisation that governs the National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts. It ensures ecological footprint data are accurate, transparent and independent, supporting researchers, policymakers and sustainability practitioners with robust environmental accounting used globally.
Organisation
1 research item

Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative (NZAM)

Finance Industry Groups
Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative (NZAM) is a global investor initiative supporting asset managers committed to net zero greenhouse gas emissions. NZAM provides guidance, accountability frameworks, and public target disclosures, helping align investment portfolios with climate goals and support the transition to a net zero economy across global financial markets.
Organisation
1 research item

Sustainable Finance Roundup January 2026: Geopolitics, Energy Transitions, and Systemic Risk

This month’s sustainable finance article roundup examines a landscape increasingly shaped by geopolitics and climate risk, as near-term fragmentation, energy security, and affordability pressures collide with intensifying long-term threats from climate change, biodiversity loss, and water stress. The works featured analyse how these dynamics are reshaping capital allocation, disclosure, and resilience planning, demonstrating the growing need for sustainable finance to integrate geopolitical risk with real-economy transition.
Article
2 February 2026

Corporate climate responsibility monitor series

NewClimate Institute
The Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor is a recurring research series that independently assesses the transparency, integrity and credibility of corporate climate strategies. It evaluates how major global companies set, disclose and implement emission reduction targets, using a consistent methodology to enable year-on-year comparison across sectors.
Benchmark/series
1 July 2025

Canadian Pension Climate Report Card

Shift: Action for Pension Wealth and Planet Health
Grades 11 Canadian pension funds on climate performance across six indicators including net-zero targets, fossil fuel exclusions, and climate engagement.
Benchmark/series
1 January 2026

Global landscape of climate finance series

Climate Policy Initiative
Global Landscape of Climate Finance is a recurring benchmark series produced by Climate Policy Initiative that provides a consistent overview of global climate finance flows. It examines sources, instruments, uses, and geographic distribution of finance to track progress and comparability across years.
Benchmark/series
27 August 2025

10 New insights in climate science series

Future Earth
The 10 New Insights in Climate Science is an annual series that synthesises recent peer-reviewed climate research across natural and social sciences. It provides a concise, policy-relevant overview of emerging scientific developments to inform decision-makers, practitioners, and stakeholders engaged in climate policy, finance, and governance.
Benchmark/series
21 January 2026

Benchmarking impact: Australian impact investor insights activity and performance series

Impact Investing Australia
Benchmarking Impact is a benchmark series that provides a structured, recurring assessment of Australia’s impact investing market. It examines investor activity, market practices, and product development to support comparability over time and inform understanding of how impact investing is evolving across the financial system.
Benchmark/series
15 October 2025

The global tipping points series

Global Systems Institute (University of Exeter)
The Global Tipping Points Report is a research series examining Earth system tipping points and positive tipping dynamics. It synthesises interdisciplinary evidence on systemic risks, governance considerations and pathways for transformation, supporting decision-makers in understanding non-linear climate and environmental change across global systems.
Benchmark/series
11 October 2025

State of supply chain sustainability series

MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics
The State of Supply Chain Sustainability is an annual benchmark series that examines how organisations define, govern, and implement environmental and social sustainability across global supply chains. It provides a consistent research framework to track evolving practices, pressures, and management approaches over time.
Benchmark/series
13 November 2025

Planetary health check series

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
The Planetary Health Check is an annual benchmark series providing a consistent, science-based assessment of the Earth system. It applies the Planetary Boundaries framework to monitor planetary stability, resilience, and life-support functions, supporting comparability over time and informing policy, finance, and strategic decision-making and Planetary Boundaries Science is a research lab within the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), focused on advancing scientific understanding of the planetary boundaries framework. It does not operate as an independent organisation and should be covered under PIK’s institutional profile.
Benchmark/series
5 November 2025
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