Library | ESG issues
Diversity, Equity & Inclusion
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are interconnected principles aimed at fostering fair treatment and full participation within organisations. Diversity refers to the presence of differences among people, including race, ethnicity, gender, age, and other attributes. Equity involves ensuring impartiality and fairness in processes and programs, striving to provide equal possible outcomes for every person. Inclusion is the practice of creating environments where all people feel a sense of belonging, ensuring they are comfortable and supported in being their authentic selves. Effective DEI practices enhance organisational performance, productivity and employee retention.
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Decent work results and effectiveness of ILO operations: An ex-post meta-analysis of development cooperation evaluations, 2025
This report assesses 45 evaluations from 2025 to gauge the effectiveness of ILO operations. While strategic relevance and sustainability were strong, results for disability inclusion and environmental sustainability were weaker. Efficiency remains a primary area for improvement, particularly concerning resource leveraging and results-based management systems.
Immigration and macroeconomic outcomes in OECD countries
This report examines the macroeconomic impact of non-OECD immigration on OECD countries from 1990 to 2024. It finds that immigration, particularly high-skilled, significantly boosts labour productivity and GDP per worker by stimulating capital investment and innovation, contrasting with the negligible effects of native population growth.
The financial materiality of sustainability issues
This report synthesises research demonstrating the financial materiality of ESG factors for investment outcomes. It highlights that managing sustainability, governance, environmental, and social issues supports long-term value. Evidence shows that ESG integration, board diversity, and active stewardship enhance corporate performance while mitigating systemic risks to the Australian economy.
Investing in mothers? The long-run impact of a universal child care program on maternal work and income
This research evaluates the long-term impacts of Quebec's universal child care programme on maternal labour outcomes. Findings indicate sustained increases in employment and earnings through age 50, driven by occupational upgrading and accumulated experience. These effects generate fiscal benefits that offset 75 to 117 per cent of the programme's costs.
Gender equality in capital markets: Insights, evidence and opportunities for action
This research examines gender equality in international capital markets, identifying barriers in culture, visibility, and sponsorship. Drawing on qualitative survey data and industry statistics, it highlights progress and stalls in representation and pay while offering practical actions for organisational change and leadership accountability.
Gender equality: SSI report (Sustainable and Resilient Value Chains series)
This research examines how voluntary sustainability standards and private sector initiatives address gender equality in agricultural value chains. Applying the Sustainable and Resilient Value Chains framework, it evaluates efforts across five commodities and recommends a 'smart mix' of solutions to transform structural inequalities and empower women producers.
Global gender gap report series
The Global Gender Gap Report is an annual series by the World Economic Forum tracking gender parity across 145 economies. It evaluates economic, educational, health, and political gaps to help finance professionals assess human capital risk, ESG factors, and long-term economic resilience.
Gender-disaggregated data for inclusive regulation playbook: From gender data to regulatory action
This playbook assists financial regulatory authorities to transition from collecting gender-disaggregated data to using it systematically in supervision and policymaking. Drawing on research in Nigeria and Tanzania, it outlines a three-phase approach—discovery, ideation, and prototype advancement—supported by a framework of eleven foundations to ensure effective, inclusive regulation.
Women’s health R&I in Europe: Growing investment, persistent gaps, and the case for a coordinated response
This research examines women’s health Research and Innovation (R&I) in Europe, identifying a mismatch between disease burden and investment. While political attention is growing, funding remains concentrated in early-stage research. The report advocates for a coordinated European strategy to bridge evidence and translation gaps across the innovation pathway.
The people premium: Human capital as a driver of value creation in private markets
This research examines how private market investors leverage human capital as a strategic driver of value. Analysing firms representing nearly $4 trillion in assets, it details leadership underwriting, platform-scale talent programmes, measurement methodologies, and AI integration. It highlights the necessity of regional adaptation and systematic interventions to realise long-term returns.
Advancing women’s economic opportunities in the solar energy sector
This report examines women's underrepresentation in the solar photovoltaics sector, highlighting barriers like gender norms, skills gaps, and workplace culture. It identifies emerging solutions, including holistic training, inclusive recruitment practices, and structural support for care and mobility to enhance women's economic opportunities and participation in the renewable energy transition.
Migrant integration statistics - housing
This report analyses housing indicators for migrants in the EU for 2025, focusing on home ownership, overcrowding, and housing cost overburden. It reveals significant disparities, with nationals maintaining higher ownership rates and lower overcrowding levels compared to non-EU citizens, supported by data from the EU-SILC framework.
Investment sector kaupapa Māori market scan
This baseline assessment examines kaupapa Māori within Aotearoa New Zealand’s investment sector. While 22 of 32 surveyed organisations view Māori values as critical, only five have formal frameworks. The report introduces three strategic Pou—Mātauranga, Ara Ake, and Te Haumi—to bridge the gap between intent and enduring practice.
The quiet withdrawal: Human capital disclosure trends, 2022–2026
This report examines human capital disclosure trends among S&P 1500 companies from 2022 to 2026. It highlights a significant decline in demographic and board diversity reporting following the removal of regulatory requirements. While operational metrics remain stable, quantitative workforce data is increasingly being omitted from formal financial filings.
The gender pay gap in Bangladesh: Trends, causes and policy options
This report analyses the gender pay gap in Bangladesh, finding women earn 22 to 25 per cent less than men. Driven by structural discrimination and unequal care burdens, the gap persists despite legal frameworks. Recommendations include objective job evaluations, cost-sharing for maternity benefits, and strengthened labour inspection.
Designed for harm: Affordances, AI and gendered harm in gaming
This working paper examines how platform design and AI in gaming facilitate gendered harm. Despite representing half of the gaming population, women face persistent toxicity. The report evaluates current content-focused governance and advocates for structural accountability frameworks, citing EU and UK regulatory models as effective examples.
