Library | ESG issues

Governance

The governance pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) refers to the systems, policies, and practices that ensure an organisation is managed responsibly and ethically. It includes issues such as board structure, reporting & disclosures, shareholders & voting, and risk management. Strong governance reduces risks, enhances trust, and supports long-term business sustainability.

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Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits

United Nations Environment Programme
The Nagoya Protocol is an international agreement under the Convention on Biological Diversity, aiming to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilisation of genetic resources. It enhances legal certainty and transparency for providers and users of these resources, promoting sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity while respecting traditional knowledge and contributing to global environmental and development goals.
Research
22 January 2011

Mo’otz Kuxtal guidelines

United Nations Environment Programme
The Mo’otz Kuxtal Guidelines provide a framework for obtaining free, prior, and informed consent from Indigenous communities regarding the use of their traditional knowledge. For investors and financial institutions, these guidelines can inform corporate engagement on FPIC and help to identify and mitigate legal and reputational risks.
Research
19 July 2019

The Tkarihwaié: RI code of ethical conduct to endure respect for the cultural and intellectual heritage of indigenous and local communities

United Nations Environment Programme
Developed in consultation with Indigenous Peoples, this code of ethical conduct aims to ensure respect for the cultural and Intellectual Heritage of Indigenous and Local Communities relevant to the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity. The code is intended to provide a collaborative framework ensuring the effective participation and prior informed consent or involvement and approval of indigenous and local communities in activities, including research proposed, on their knowledge, territories and related resources.
Research
31 December 2011

Akwé: Kon guidelines

United Nations Environment Programme
Developed in consultation with Indigenous Peoples, this document contains voluntary guidelines for the conduct of cultural, environmental and social impact assessments regarding developments proposed to take place on, or which are likely to impact on, sacred sites and on lands and waters traditionally occupied or used by indigenous and local communities.
Research
31 December 2004

TNFD nature-related risk and opportunity registers

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
The TNFD risk and opportunity registers outline different categories of nature related risks and opportunities, indicate useful information to record for each risk and opportunity identified and provide connections to other categories of metrics and prioritisation criteria outlined in the TNFD LEAP approach. The TNFD risk and opportunity registers provide a template that can be completed by an organisation as they work through the Assess phase.
Research
18 October 2023

Nature strategy handbook: A practical guide for businesses

Business for Nature
This guide was developed to support businesses and financial institutions to develop nature strategies, and contribute to nature positive. The guide follows four, high-level business actions outlined in ACT-D: Assess, Commit, Transform and Disclose.
Research
8 November 2023

Corporate sustainability reporting directive 2024

&Bloom
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) introduces phased sustainability reporting for entities from 2025, using European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). Key requirements include double materiality assessments, mandatory disclosure in management reports, assurance processes, and compliance roadmaps. Businesses must integrate financial and sustainability reporting to align with evolving EU regulations.
Research
27 August 2024

Australian sustainability reporting standards 2024

&Bloom
The 2024 Australian Sustainability Reporting Standards (ASRS) mandates phased sustainability reporting, starting in 2026. It introduces mandatory climate-related disclosures (AASB S2) alongside voluntary general sustainability disclosures (AASB S1). Key preparatory steps include materiality assessments, gap analysis, and compliance roadmaps, with assurance transitioning from limited to reasonable by 2030.
Research
14 October 2024

&Bloom's New Zealand Climate Standards Toolkit

&Bloom
The New Zealand Climate Standards (NZCS) Toolkit, based on guidance from the External Reporting Board (XRB), supports entities in adopting climate-related disclosure standards. It provides a question directory, principles, and a glossary to facilitate compliance. Emphasising judgement over a checklist approach, it aims to prepare stakeholders for effective climate reporting.
Online tool/database
6 May 2024

The naming and classification of sustainability topics in the context of impact management

The report examines variations in naming and classifying sustainability topics across 33 global frameworks. These inconsistencies hinder effective impact management and interoperability, limiting holistic understanding. Recommendations include enhancing conceptual coherence, fostering collaboration across frameworks, and improving clarity on emerging topics to support sustainable practices and policy alignment.
Research
6 December 2024

Nature target setting framework for asset managers and asset owners

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
The framework seeks to create a shared understanding and common language for investors on target setting, while steering private financial flows in alignment with the mission of the Global Biodiversity Framework to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. It focuses on listed equity and corporate bonds.
Research
3 July 2024

Nature risk profile: A methodology for profiling nature related dependencies and impacts

United Nations Environment Programme
The technical guideline outlines a methodology for how companies and investors can profile nature-related risks arising from dependencies and impacts of economic activities by combining nature data with data on the locations of companies' activities.
Research
17 January 2023

Connecting finance and natural capital: A supplement to the Natural Capital Protocol

Capitals Coalition (CapsCo)
This supplement provides financial institutions with a framework for integrating natural capital considerations into their decision-making processes. It offers practical guidance on assessing and valuing natural capital dependencies and impacts, helping institutions manage risks and identify opportunities related to natural capital. It includes methodologies for incorporating natural capital into investment analysis, lending, and insurance underwriting, ultimately promoting sustainable finance practices.
Research
17 April 2018

Natural capital and organizations strategies: An overview of available tools 

World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund – WWF)
This guide outlines a variety of tools and methodologies designed to help companies integrate natural capital considerations into their business decision-making processes. It provides detailed descriptions of different tools, case studies, and practical examples, enabling businesses to assess their environmental impacts, dependencies, and opportunities. The guide aims to promote sustainable business practices by highlighting the importance of valuing natural capital.
Research
18 December 2019

Let's discuss nature with climate: Engagement guide

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
This guide supports investors in integrating nature and climate considerations into investment strategies. It offers insights and frameworks for addressing the interconnected challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, promoting holistic and sustainable investment approaches.
Research
30 September 2023

Guidance on engagement with Indigenous Peoples, local communities and affected stakeholders

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
This document provides guidance for organisations when identifying their nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks and opportunities. It outlines the foundation of international standards, guidelines and frameworks, in particular the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The guidance document's key focus areas include guidance for meaningful engagement with Indigenous Peoples, Local Communitas (IPLC) & affected stakeholders, preparation for engagement, and incorporate of engagement into action.
Research
19 September 2023
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