Library | ESG issues

Public Policy

Public policy refers to the actions and decisions taken by governments to address societal issues through laws, regulations, and funding priorities. It shapes the business environment by influencing regulatory requirements, market conditions, and corporate responsibilities. Policies related to taxation, labour laws, environmental regulations, and trade agreements can impact business operations, costs, and investment strategies.

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Closing the gaps in the Global Biodiversity Framework implementation: Investor actions and policy recommendations

Ceres
This report analyses actions by over 800 investors to address nature and biodiversity risk. It highlights progress in corporate engagement and disclosure while identifying critical policy gaps. Six key government actions are recommended to accelerate private sector contributions toward the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets.
Research
8 October 2026

State of blended finance series

Convergence
State of Blended Finance is a research series examining how public, philanthropic and private capital combine to finance sustainable development in emerging markets. It analyses transaction structures, investor participation, capital mobilisation, development impact, market trends and barriers to scaling blended finance.
Benchmark/series
7 October 2026

Poverty in Scotland 2026

Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF)
This report analyses poverty in Scotland, revealing that 17% of people live in poverty. It highlights missed reduction targets, particularly for children, and argues for radical local government reform. The research emphasises the need for stable funding and improved public communication to effectively address deepening economic hardship.
Research
5 October 2026

Artificial intelligence and climate change: balancing innovation and sustainability

Bank for International Settlements
This report examines the interaction between artificial intelligence and climate change, highlighting potential for mitigation and adaptation alongside significant environmental costs. It explores two technological trajectories—AI copilot and artificial general intelligence—while discussing implications for central banks regarding productivity, inflation, financial stability, and emerging global policy frameworks.
Research
5 October 2026

Industrial policy via the IPO market

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This research examines how China uses initial public offering regulations as an industrial policy tool. Between 2002 and 2022, favoured industries saw significantly higher listing activity and proceeds. These firms command a persistent valuation premium, as investors treat government support as a durable fundamental rather than temporary sentiment.
Research
7 October 2026

Digging mining out of diesel dependence: Short-term options to enhance fuel and future-proof industry

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report examines Australia's mining industry's heavy reliance on diesel and identifies short-term efficiency improvements to reduce consumption by 10–20%. It highlights critical roles for coal and iron ore sectors, explores barriers like the Fuel Tax Credit system, and proposes policy reforms to enhance national fuel security.
Research
1 October 2026

National development banks: Policy integration for climate

ODI Global
This research analyses the integration of national development banks (NDBs) into climate policies across 103 economies. It highlights that only 17.5% of countries explicitly reference NDBs in climate commitments. The report provides recommendations for governments and NDB leadership to strengthen institutional alignment and improve climate finance effectiveness.
Research
7 October 2026

Intergenerational report 2026: Australia’s future to 2066

Australian Government
The 2026 Intergenerational Report examines Australia's economic and fiscal trajectory to 2066. It identifies five major transitions: the AI revolution, geopolitical fragmentation, energy transition, population ageing, and industrial transformation. Projections include 2% average annual GDP growth and a long-term total fertility rate of 1.34.
Research
18 September 2026

The price of climate talk: Central bank communication, climate governance, and sovereign risk premia

This research examines how central bank climate communication affects 10-year sovereign bond yields. Using a dataset of over 17,000 speeches, it finds that climate-related discourse increases yields by making risks more salient. This effect is stronger in countries with independent central banks, reflecting the role of institutional credibility.
Research
1 January 2024

The economic value of decarbonising the Pilbara

Cyan Ventures
This report evaluates the economic impact of applying a A$50 million Fuel Tax Credit cap to decarbonise the Pilbara. It estimates A$7.1 billion to A$13.2 billion in economic value, including A$5.6 billion in induced investment, 16,800 cumulative jobs, and significant carbon abatement facilitated by common-user transmission infrastructure.
Research
10 July 2026

Agribusiness Atlas: Facts and figures about the corporations that control what we eat 2026

The Agribusiness Atlas 2026 details the unprecedented concentration of corporate power within global food systems. It examines how dominant firms influence policy, drive environmental degradation, and impact food security. The report advocates for democratic food governance, fair pricing for farmers, and public sector alternatives to curb corporate control.
Research
1 September 2026

Building resilient global governance for an era of recurring crises

This report examines strategies for building resilient global governance amidst recurring transnational crises. It advocates for hybrid institutional complexes that balance robust and flexible institutions. By prioritising institutional diversity and leadership, governance systems can better absorb shocks, adapt through innovation, and prepare for future disruptions through institutional learning.
Research
1 October 2026

Rethinking readiness: Enhancing the foundations for climate finance in fragile and conflict-affected situations

ODI Global
This report analyses climate finance readiness in fragile and conflict-affected situations. It identifies systemic barriers, including institutional instability and under-resourcing, that prevent readiness support from translating into finance. It proposes four principles to adapt readiness, advocating for a whole-of-government approach anchored in political and fiscal realities.
Research
28 September 2026

Public procurement and AI governance: Developing a strategic framework for middle powers

RAND Europe
This report evaluates how 'AI middle powers' can use public procurement as a strategic governance tool to mitigate risks from foreign-led frontier AI. It proposes a framework of contractual guarantees and recommends international coordination to increase bargaining leverage, enhance visibility, and secure data sovereignty against technological dependencies.
Research
8 September 2026

Leveraging co-creation for city-level climate action and health co-benefits: Policy lessons from citiES 2030

Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN)
This report explores how evidence-informed co-creation supports city-level climate action and health co-benefits. Using the citiES 2030 platform as a case study, it details the development of practical health indicators and provides recommendations for policymakers, cities, and researchers to strengthen urban climate governance and implementation.
Research
22 September 2026

Beyond sovereignty: Nationally led crisis response in East Africa

ODI Global
This report examines the transition towards nationally led crisis response in East Africa. It identifies barriers within international aid structures while highlighting progress in sub-national governance, social protection, and civil society. Recommendations focus on strengthening state accountability and equitable partnerships across Kenya, Somalia, Uganda, South Sudan, and Ethiopia.
Research
16 September 2026
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