Library | ESG issues

Reporting & Disclosures

Reporting and disclosures provide transparency on a company’s financial performance, strategy, and sustainability practices. Clear, reliable disclosures improve stakeholder trust, inform investment decisions, and drive corporate accountability.

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GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024

Global Reporting Initiative
The GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 report establishes a framework for organisations to disclose their biodiversity impacts and management practices. Effective from 1 January 2026, the standard outlines disclosure requirements across biodiversity policies, impact management, ecosystem services, and compliance. It aligns with global sustainability goals, emphasising mitigation hierarchies and stakeholder engagement for transparency and ecological accountability.
Research
25 January 2024

Guidance on the identification and assessment of nature related issues: The LEAP approach

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
This document provides corporates and financial institutions with guidance on identifying and assessing nature-related issues using the TNFD proposed LEAP approach.
Research
25 October 2023

Sector guidance: Additional guidance for financial institutions

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
This document provides proposed additional guidance for financial institutions on the TNFD’s recommended disclosures.
Research
20 September 2023

Corporate sustainability reporting directive 2024

&Bloom
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) introduces phased sustainability reporting for entities from 2025, using European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). Key requirements include double materiality assessments, mandatory disclosure in management reports, assurance processes, and compliance roadmaps. Businesses must integrate financial and sustainability reporting to align with evolving EU regulations.
Research
27 August 2024

Australian sustainability reporting standards 2024

&Bloom
The 2024 Australian Sustainability Reporting Standards (ASRS) mandates phased sustainability reporting, starting in 2026. It introduces mandatory climate-related disclosures (AASB S2) alongside voluntary general sustainability disclosures (AASB S1). Key preparatory steps include materiality assessments, gap analysis, and compliance roadmaps, with assurance transitioning from limited to reasonable by 2030.
Research
14 October 2024

&Bloom's New Zealand Climate Standards Toolkit

&Bloom
The New Zealand Climate Standards (NZCS) Toolkit, based on guidance from the External Reporting Board (XRB), supports entities in adopting climate-related disclosure standards. It provides a question directory, principles, and a glossary to facilitate compliance. Emphasising judgement over a checklist approach, it aims to prepare stakeholders for effective climate reporting.
Online tool/database
6 May 2024

Insights into UNEP FI’s TNFD pilots: Insights into deep-dive UNEP FI pilots to ensure effective uptake of the final TNFD framework

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
This publication provides investors with insights from pilot projects supporting the TNFD framework. It highlights best practices and lessons learned for integrating nature-related financial disclosures into investment strategies, enhancing transparency and sustainability. It outlines the valuable insights gained and significant findings obtained from a global pilot project initiated by UNEP FI in conjunction with 20 financial institutions.
Research
1 December 2023

Accounting for cryptocurrency climate impacts

South Pole Carbon
The report examines the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with cryptocurrencies, proposing a hybrid allocation method to attribute these emissions to stakeholders based on cryptocurrency holdings and transactions. It highlights the environmental impact of Proof-of-Work protocols, the efficiency of Proof-of-Stake, and offers guidance aligned with GHG Protocol standards.
Research
21 April 2022

Building transition: Financing market transition

Green Building Council of Australia
The report outlines a framework for decarbonising and enhancing resilience in the built environment. It emphasises sustainable finance, improving low-performing buildings, and adapting to climate risks. Key strategies include evolving taxonomies, defining credible pathways, and addressing broader resilience, urging inclusive, scalable investments to achieve global sustainability goals.
Research
8 November 2024

Financing transformations: A guide to green building for green bonds and green loans

Green Building Council of Australia
The report provides a guide to sustainable finance in the real estate sector, focusing on green building projects eligible for green bonds and loans. It details key principles, certification frameworks like BREEAM and LEED, and sustainable finance's role in addressing climate action, resource efficiency, and social impact.
Research
4 November 2024

Unlocking the value: A practical guide for sustainable finance in the Australian real estate sector

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
The report highlights the role of sustainable finance in advancing Australia's real estate sector's decarbonisation goals. It explores green loans, bonds, and rating systems like Green Star and NABERS to promote resource efficiency, health, and equity. The guide supports industry collaboration, defining frameworks to unlock sustainable finance opportunities.
Research
24 November 2023

Blockchain for sustainability: A systematic literature review for policy impact

The report reviews blockchain's role in sustainability, analysing 10,188 studies. It highlights blockchain's potential in supply chain management, energy systems, and IoT-based solutions like smart cities. However, gaps persist in aligning blockchain applications with global ESG regulations and carbon trading mechanisms. Recommendations aim to improve blockchain's utility in achieving net-zero goals.
Research
17 October 2023

The BankTrack human rights benchmark reports

BankTrack
The BankTrack Human Rights Benchmark series evaluates commercial banks globally, with a global and regional focus including Latin America, Asia, and Africa. It assesses 50 of the world’s largest private sector commercial banks against the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, examining policy commitments, due diligence, reporting, and remedy processes to ensure compliance with human rights standards.
Benchmark/series

Accountability for nature: Comparison of nature-related assessment and disclosure frameworks and standards

World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund – WWF)
This report provides an overview of the key methodological and conceptual trends among the private sector assessment and disclosure approaches on nature-related issues. It provides comparative research on seven leading standards, frameworks and systems for assessment and disclosure on nature-related issues
Research
31 January 2024

Natural Capital Measurement Catalogue Version 2

The Natural Capital Measurement Catalogue (NCMC) is an open resource for users to select metrics and methods for the measurement of natural capital assets, flows of services or benefits, and organisational impacts or dependencies on nature. The WCMC is designed to present natural capital accounting and assessment metrics that are consistent with national and international standards and frameworks such as the United Nations System of Economic-Environmental Accounting (SEEA), the Natural Capital Protocol and the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD).
Online tool/database

TNFD Tool Catalogue

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
Building on insights from the nature-related data catalyst, the TNFD has created a beta version of an online searchable Tools Catalogue, providing an overview of tools that organisations can use to apply to each phase of the LEAP approach. The catalogue will be continually updated.
Online tool/database
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