Library | ESG issues
Water Management
Sustainable water management ensures the availability and quality of water for current and future generations by balancing economic, social, and environmental needs. This approach involves efficient water use, protection of ecosystems, and equitable distribution, addressing challenges such as scarcity, pollution, and climate change impacts. Investors can work with companies to manage water responsibly by encouraging better water use, supporting efforts to protect ecosystems, and promoting practices that ensure water resources are used efficiently and sustainably.
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Climate change impacts increase economic inequality: Evidence from a systematic literature review
This systematic review of 127 studies finds consistent evidence that climate change worsens economic inequality, disproportionately affecting poorer countries and households. Impacts arise across sectors and regions via channels such as reduced labour productivity and agricultural losses, with strong agreement that effects are regressive.
Agriculture sector climate change scenarios and adaptation roadmap
The report outlines climate change risks and opportunities for New Zealand’s agriculture sector, presenting shared scenarios and an adaptation roadmap. It identifies key challenges, drivers of change and priority actions to strengthen resilience, guide investment, support innovation and enable a coordinated, sector-wide response.
Sustainable Finance Roundup November 2025: Transition Turning Points and Rising Accountability
This month’s sustainable-finance roundup highlights faster transition momentum, rising physical risks and a tightening focus on accountability. COP30 reinforced expectations for stronger 2035 targets, while national actions underscored diverging paths toward decarbonisation. Markets continued shifting toward clean energy and resilience, and new science made climate harms more visible. With regulatory scrutiny and litigation increasing, transition credibility and real-economy resilience are becoming core drivers of financial risk and investment decisions.
Freshwater ecosystem explorer
FreshExplorer is an interactive mapping tool that displays data on water, sanitation, and hygiene services globally, assisting policymakers and researchers to view coverage statistics, trends, and service gaps. The platform enables data exploration by country, service type, and time period, using Aus/UK spelling and grammar conventions.
Nature enters the boardroom
This report examines how Australian boards are beginning to integrate nature into governance, identifying rising awareness of nature-related risks, early adoption of frameworks such as TNFD, and varied oversight and disclosure practices. It highlights barriers, emerging approaches, and the growing financial relevance of nature for organisational decision-making.
Access bank: Driving inclusive growth through responsible banking
This case study explores how Access Bank integrates the UN Principles for Responsible Banking into its operations, advancing green finance, financial inclusion, and gender equality. It highlights the bank’s green bond issuances, ESG frameworks, and stakeholder engagement, offering investors insight into sustainable finance practices within emerging markets.
Assessing the materiality of nature-related financial risks for the UK
The report, Assessing the Materiality of Nature-Related Financial Risks for the UK (April 2024), quantifies how biodiversity loss and environmental degradation could materially affect the UK economy and finance sector. It finds nature-related risks—especially from water scarcity, soil decline, and biodiversity loss—could reduce GDP by up to 12% by the 2030s, exceeding impacts from the Global Financial Crisis or COVID-19.
Environmental Change Institute (ECI), University of Oxford
Environmental Change Institute (ECI) at University of Oxford conducts interdisciplinary research on climate change, ecosystems, energy systems, food and water security, and sustainable governance. Established in 1991, ECI collaborates with governments, business and communities to inform policy and training in environmental leadership.
System of environmental-economic accounting ecosystem accounting series
The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) is an international benchmark series that integrates economic and environmental data to measure the interdependence between nature and the economy. It provides a consistent statistical framework for assessing natural assets, ecosystem services, and environmental impacts to support sustainable policy and decision-making across nations.
Climate High‑Level Champions
Climate Champions is a global initiative advising the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) High-Level Champions and mobilising non-state actors in campaigns such as Race to Zero and Race to Resilience to drive net-zero emissions, resilient infrastructure and sustainable finance.
Sustainable Finance Roundup September 2025: Policy, Markets, and Momentum
This month’s sustainability roundup covers Australia’s new 2035 emissions target, ASIC’s final climate disclosure guidance, and Fortescue’s revised transition plan. It also examines global developments, from ISSB reporting updates and TNFD nature disclosures to Woodside’s gas extension, rising physical climate risks, and evolving ESG policy debates shaping corporate and investor responses.
Sustainable development report 2025
The Sustainable Development Report is a benchmark series that tracks global and national progress toward achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Produced annually by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and partners, it presents the SDG Index and Dashboards, offering comparable data, analysis, and trends for all UN member states.
MDPI
MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) is a Swiss-based publisher of open access, peer-reviewed journals, established in 1996. MDPI publishes over 470 academic journals across science, technology and medicine, with authors covering article processing charges to enable unrestricted global access.
Grantham Foundation
Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment supports climate innovation, environmental research and impact investing. Through its grant and investment programmes (such as its venture arm, Neglected Climate Opportunities), it backs early-stage technologies in carbon capture, clean energy, soil health and ecosystem conservation globally.
Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF)
Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) is an independent administrative institution in Japan. It manages and invests pension reserve funds under Japan’s Employees’ Pension Insurance and National Pension Acts. GPIF seeks long-term, diversified returns while emphasising ESG investment and stewardship in public pension finance.
ESG shareholder engagement and downside risk
This study analyses whether investor engagement on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues reduces firms’ downside risk. Using data from 1,443 engagements with 485 global firms (2005–2018), it finds that successful engagements, particularly on environmental and climate issues, significantly lower downside risk and related environmental incidents.
