Library | SDGs
GOAL 09: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
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GRI risk viewer
The Global Resilience Index (GRI) Risk Viewer provides global‑scale risk metrics across hazard, exposure and vulnerability to assess risks to people, planet and prosperity via open, publicly available datasets.
Guidance for leveraging the Singapore-Asia taxonomy in green and transition financing
This report provides practical guidance for applying the Singapore-Asia Taxonomy (SAT) in green and transition financing. It addresses data gaps, evolving criteria, transition plans, and scenarios where full alignment with SAT is not possible, promoting credible financing practices across Southeast Asia’s key sectors.
Mobilising institutional capital towards the SDGs and a Just Transition
This report outlines pathways for mobilising institutional capital towards the Sustainable Development Goals and a Just Transition. It focuses on investment vehicles, emerging markets, and private asset classes, providing practical recommendations, case studies, and frameworks to integrate environmental, social, and community considerations into scalable, impactful financial strategies.
GHG protocol calculation tools and guidance
The GHG Protocol’s calculation tools and guidance details Excel‑based, cross‑sector, sector‑specific, and country‑specific tools, including those for cities and countries. Each tool includes step‑by‑step guidance and emission factors to support accurate GHG inventory development in line with the Protocol’s standards
Guidelines for quantifying GHG reductions from grid-connected electricity projects
These guidelines provide a standardised, policy-neutral framework for quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions from grid-connected electricity projects. They cover both generation and electricity reduction activities, using simplified methods to estimate baseline emissions and avoided emissions. Intended for project developers and programme designers, the guidelines emphasise accuracy, transparency, and conservativeness.
Estimating and reporting the comparative emissions impacts of products
This report outlines a neutral framework for estimating and reporting the greenhouse gas impacts of products, both positive and negative. It advocates the use of consequential methods for decision-making, highlights methodological challenges in attributional approaches, and recommends transparency and completeness in emissions assessments and corporate reporting.
The GHG protocol for project accounting
This report outlines standards and procedures for quantifying and reporting greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions from mitigation projects. It provides a framework to estimate baseline emissions, assess additionality, and apply consistent accounting principles. The guide supports transparency, credibility, and harmonisation across project-based GHG initiatives.
Product life cycle accounting and reporting standard
The GHG Protocol Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard provides a globally consistent framework for companies to quantify and publicly report greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with individual products across their life cycle. It enables informed emissions reduction strategies and supports performance tracking, supplier engagement, and product differentiation.
The greenhouse gas protocol: A corporate accounting and reporting standard
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard provides a framework for businesses to quantify and report greenhouse gas emissions. It establishes standardised accounting principles, categorises emissions by scope, and offers guidance for setting organisational and operational boundaries. The Standard promotes transparency, consistency, and comparability in corporate GHG inventories.
Corporate value chain (scope 3) accounting and reporting standard: Supplement to the GHG protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard
The Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard provides a consistent framework for measuring and reporting indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across a company’s value chain. It outlines 15 categories of Scope 3 emissions, offers guidance on boundary setting, data collection, and reporting, and aims to improve transparency, enable emissions reduction, and support strategic decision-making.
Green and intelligent: the role of AI in the climate transition
Artificial intelligence (AI) can support the climate transition by reducing global emissions by up to 5.4 GtCO₂e annually by 2035 in the power, food, and transport sectors, surpassing its own energy footprint. Strategic government action is essential to ensure AI accelerates low-carbon solutions equitably and effectively.
The path to a new era for nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is gaining momentum as a reliable, low-emissions electricity source. The report outlines growth drivers, investment needs, emerging technologies such as small modular reactors, and policy frameworks required for scale-up. Financing challenges, supply chain risks, and workforce planning are key to realising nuclear’s role in future energy systems.
The triple gap in finance for agrifood systems
This report identifies significant planning, finance, and data gaps in climate investment needed to transition global agrifood systems. Annual climate finance must increase by at least 40 times to USD 1.1 trillion by 2030. Current national commitments underestimate actual requirements, highlighting the need for clearer targets and improved data collection.
Regulating AI in the financial sector: Recent developments and main challenges
The report outlines AI’s growing use in finance—especially in underwriting, fraud detection, and customer support—highlighting regulatory challenges around explainability, governance, and data security. It discusses evolving global guidance and the need for risk-based, proportionate oversight, particularly as generative AI gains traction in high-impact applications.
Circle Economy's circularity gap report series
The Circularity Gap Report series, launched annually since 2018 by Circle Economy, offers key insights into the global circular economy. Each report focuses on vital topics driving action, from the first global metric in 2018 to industry and country perspectives in subsequent years.
Broadening the horizon: How CFOs and finance functions can help drive corporate sustainability
This report discusses the increasing need for businesses to prioritise environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. It highlights the evolving role of CFOs and finance functions in integrating sustainability into business strategies and decision-making processes due to their expertise in data analysis, risk management, and strategic planning.